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The bottleneck effect can lead to reduced genetic diversity in populations that have rebounded after near extinction, as only a small number of individuals contribute to the gene pool. This lack of genetic variability can make the population more vulnerable to diseases, environmental changes, and other stressors. Additionally, inbreeding may increase the prevalence of harmful traits, further compromising the population's long-term survival and adaptability. Ultimately, the consequences of the bottleneck effect can hinder the population's resilience and ability to thrive in changing conditions.

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