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  • 1) Extensometer The extensometer is used to measure relative movement by comparing the extension of two points. The extensometers are generally installed across the main scarp, at transverse crack and transverse ridges near the toe or front portion of the slide and parallel to the suspected slide movement . By arranging a series of interconnecting extensometers from the main scarp to the toe of a complex landslide that has many moving slide blocks, the resulting data could aid in clearly delineating the individual slide blocks. Measurements should be accurate to within 0.2mm, and the magnitude of the movement and daily rainfall data should be included to establish the relationship between the measurable movement and the precipitation rate.
  • 2)Tilt meter The ground tilt meter is useful for determining the deformation at the head and toe portions and sometimes along the flanks of the landslide, or to assess the possibility of future deformation. A level type tilt meter is most conventional. The tilt meter is capable of measuring the N-S and E-W components. The magnitude of tilting and tilt directions can be determined directly from the instrument panel. Furthermore, in order to determine the characteristics of the deformation, the results are shown chronologically along with the daily rainfall totals. The relationship between the magnitude of tilting and the cumulative effect of tilting, rainfall totals and groundwater levels are shown on Fig.17.
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