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What is Human herpesvirus 8 also called?
Also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
What substance is known to produce cancer?
Substances that are known to cause cancer are called "carcinogens".The list of known carcinogens is rather extensive.Several different organizations publish lists of known carcinogens including:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)National Toxicology Program (NTP) - which includes parts of several different US government agencies, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The NTP updates its Report on Carcinogens (RoC) every few years.US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)US CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)National Cancer Institute (NCI)As of November 2016 IARC lists the following as "Group 1: Carcinogenic to Humans" Acetaldehyde (from consuming alcoholic beverages)Acheson process, occupational exposure associated withAcid mists, strong inorganicAflatoxinsAlcoholic beveragesAluminum production4-AminobiphenylAreca nutAristolochic acid (and plants containing it)Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compoundsAsbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestosAuramine productionAzathioprineBenzeneBenzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidineBenzo[a]pyreneBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBetel quid, with or without tobaccoBis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)Busulfan1,3-ButadieneCadmium and cadmium compoundsChlorambucilChlornaphazineChromium (VI) compoundsClonorchis sinensis (infection with), also known as the Chinese liver flukeCoal, indoor emissions from household combustionCoal gasificationCoal-tar distillationCoal-tar pitchCoke productionCyclophosphamideCyclosporine1,2-DichloropropaneDiethylstilbestrolEngine exhaust, dieselEpstein-Barr virus (infection with)ErioniteEstrogen postmenopausal therapyEstrogen-progestogen postmenopausal therapy (combined)Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) (Note: There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary)Ethanol in alcoholic beveragesEthylene oxideEtoposideEtoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycinFission products, including strontium-90Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphiboleFormaldehydeHaematite mining (underground)Helicobacter pylori (infection with)Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (infection with)Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 (infection with) (Note: The HPV types that have been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) (infection with)Ionizing radiation (all types)Iron and steel founding (workplace exposure)Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acidsKaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (infection with)Leather dustLindaneMagenta productionMelphalanMethoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation, also known as PUVA4,4'-Methylenebis(chloroaniline) (MOCA)Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treatedMOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents2-NaphthylamineNeutron radiationNickel compoundsN'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)Opisthorchis viverrini(infection with), also known as the Southeast Asian liver flukeOutdoor air pollution (and the particulate matter in it)Painter (workplace exposure as a)3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)2,3,4,7,8-PentachlorodibenzofuranPhenacetin (and mixtures containing it)Phosphorus-32, as phosphatePlutoniumPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)Processed meat (consumption of)Radioiodines, including iodine-131Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radium-224 and its decay productsRadium-226 and its decay productsRadium-228 and its decay productsRadon-222 and its decay productsRubber manufacturing industrySalted fish (Chinese-style)Schistosoma haematobium(infection with)Semustine (methyl-CCNU)Shale oilsSilica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobaliteSolar radiationSoot (as found in workplace exposure of chimney sweeps)Sulfur mustardTamoxifen (Note: There is also conclusive evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer in breast cancer patients)2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxinThiotepaThorium-232 and its decay productsTobacco, smokelessTobacco smoke, secondhandTobacco smokingortho-ToluidineTreosulfanTrichloroethyleneUltraviolet (UV) radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC raysUltraviolet-emitting tanning devicesVinyl chlorideWood dustX- and Gamma-radiationThe NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens "Known to be human carcinogens lists" AflatoxinsAlcoholic beverage consumption4-AminobiphenylAnalgesic mixtures containing phenacetinAristolochic acidsArsenic and inorganic arsenic compoundsAsbestosAzathioprineBenzeneBenzidineBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBis(chloromethyl) ether and technical-grade chloromethyl methyl ether1,3-Butadiene1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate (also known as busulfan)Cadmium and cadmium compoundsChlorambucil1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU)Chromium hexavalent compoundsCoal tar pitchesCoal tarsCoke oven emissionsCyclophosphamideCyclosporin ADiethylstilbestrol (DES)Dyes metabolized to benzidineEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)ErioniteEstrogens, steroidalEthylene oxideFormaldehydeHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)Human papilloma viruses: some genital-mucosal typesHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8, or HHV-8)MelphalanMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)Methoxsalen with ultraviolet A therapy (PUVA)Mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated)Mustard gas2-NaphthylamineNeutronsNickel compoundsOral tobacco productsRadonSilica, crystalline (respirable size)Solar radiationSootsStrong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acidSunlamps or sunbeds, exposure toTamoxifen2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); "dioxin"ThiotepaThorium dioxideTobacco smoke, environmentalTobacco, smokelessTobacco smokingo‑ToluidineTrichloroethylene (TCE)Vinyl chlorideUltraviolet (UV) radiation, broad spectrumWood dustX-radiation and gamma radiationNote that there is extensive overlap between these two lists although in some cases the same thing is listed somewhat differently.
When was KSHV-TV created?
KSHV-TV was created on 1994-04-15.
What is Human herpesvirus 8 also called?
Also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
What is the most Carcinogenic compound?
The International Agency for Reearch on Cancer has listed numerous compounds known to cause cancer in humans. Some, like aflotoxin, are sufficiently toxic that a single peanut exhibiting the black mould producing the compound in a shipload of product will require the entire load to be destroyed.Excerpt from International Agency for Research on Cancer data showing known environmental carcinogensGroup 1: Carcinogenic to humansAcetaldehyde (from consuming alcoholic beverages)AflatoxinsAlcoholic beveragesAreca nutAristolochic acid (and plants containing it)Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compoundsAsbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestosAzathioprineBenzeneBenzo[a]pyreneBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBetel quid, with or without tobaccondsClonorchis sinensis (infection with)Epstein-Barr virus (infection with)Ethanol in alcoholic beveragesFormaldehydeHelicobacter pylori (infection with)Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (infection with)Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 (infection with) (Note: The HPV types that have been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) (infection with)Ionizing radiation (all types)Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (infection with)Leather dustOpisthorchis viverrini (liver fluke; infection with)Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radium-224 and its decay productsRadium-226 and its decay productsRadium-228 and its decay productsRadon-222 and its decay productsSalted fish (Chinese-style)Schistosoma haematobium (flatworm; infection with)Solar radiationSoot (as found in workplace exposure of chimney sweeps)Tobacco smoke, secondhandTobacco smokingUltraviolet (UV) radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC raysWood dustX- and Gamma-radiation
What is the sings of AIDS?
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.[13] HIV affects nearly every organ system.People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the immune system known as lymphomas. Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss.[14][15] The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient lives. Main symptoms of AIDS.Pulmonary infectionsX-ray of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). There is increased white (opacity) in the lower lungs on both sides, characteristic of PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia (originally known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and still abbreviated as PCP, which now stands for Pneumocystis pneumonia) is relatively rare in healthy, immunocompetent people, but common among HIV-infected individuals. It is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii.Before the advent of effective diagnosis, treatment and routine prophylaxis in Western countries, it was a common immediate cause of death. In developing countries, it is still one of the first indications of AIDS in untested individuals, although it does not generally occur unless the CD4 count is less than 200 cells per µL of blood.[16]Tuberculosis (TB) is unique among infections associated with HIV because it is transmissible to immunocompetent people via the respiratory route, is easily treatable once identified, may occur in early-stage HIV disease, and is preventable with drug therapy. However, multidrug resistance is a potentially serious problem.Even though its incidence has declined because of the use of directly observed therapy and other improved practices in Western countries, this is not the case in developing countries where HIV is most prevalent. In early-stage HIV infection (CD4 count >300 cells per µL), TB typically presents as a pulmonary disease. In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with extrapulmonary (systemic) disease a common feature. Symptoms are usually constitutional and are not localized to one particular site, often affecting bone marrow, bone, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, regional lymph nodes, and the central nervous system.[17]Gastrointestinal infectionsEsophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the lower end of the esophagus (gullet or swallowing tube leading to the stomach). In HIV infected individuals, this is normally due to fungal (candidiasis) or viral (herpes simplex-1 or cytomegalovirus) infections. In rare cases, it could be due to mycobacteria.[18]Unexplained chronic diarrhea in HIV infection is due to many possible causes, including common bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria or Campylobacter) and parasitic infections; and uncommon opportunistic infections such as cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) and viruses,[19] astrovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus and cytomegalovirus, (the latter as a course of colitis).In some cases, diarrhea may be a side effect of several drugs used to treat HIV, or it may simply accompany HIV infection, particularly during primary HIV infection. It may also be a side effect of antibiotics used to treat bacterial causes of diarrhea (common for Clostridium difficile). In the later stages of HIV infection, diarrhea is thought to be a reflection of changes in the way the intestinal tract absorbs nutrients, and may be an important component of HIV-related wasting.[20]Neurological and psychiatric involvementHIV infection may lead to a variety of neuropsychiatric sequelae, either by infection of the now susceptible nervous system by organisms, or as a direct consequence of the illness itself.Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii; it usually infects the brain, causing toxoplasma encephalitis, but it can also infect and cause disease in the eyes and lungs.[21] Cryptococcal meningitis is an infection of the meninx (the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord) by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It can cause fevers, headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Patients may also develop seizures and confusion; left untreated, it can be lethal.Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease, in which the gradual destruction of the myelin sheath covering the axons of nerve cells impairs the transmission of nerve impulses. It is caused by a virus called JC virus which occurs in 70% of the population in latent form, causing disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened, as is the case for AIDS patients. It progresses rapidly, usually causing death within months of diagnosis.[22]AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of HIV infected brain macrophages and microglia. These cells are productively infected by HIV and secrete neurotoxins of both host and viral origin.[23] Specific neurological impairments are manifested by cognitive, behavioral, and motor abnormalities that occur after years of HIV infection and are associated with low CD4+ T cell levels and high plasma viral loads.Prevalence is 10-20% in Western countries[24] but only 1-2% of HIV infections in India.[25][26] This difference is possibly due to the HIV subtype in India. AIDS related mania is sometimes seen in patients with advanced HIV illness; it presents with more irritability and cognitive impairment and less euphoria than a manic episode associated with true bipolar disorder. Unlike the latter condition, it may have a more chronic course. This syndrome is less often seen with the advent of multi-drug therapy.Tumors and malignanciesKaposi's sarcoma Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased incidence of several cancers. This is primarily due to co-infection with an oncogenic DNA virus, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus-8 [HHV-8]), and human papillomavirus (HPV).[27][28]Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in HIV-infected patients. The appearance of this tumor in young homosexual men in 1981 was one of the first signals of the AIDS epidemic. Caused by a gammaherpes virus called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), it often appears as purplish nodules on the skin, but can affect other organs, especially the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. High-grade B cell lymphomas such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Burkitt's-like lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and primary central nervous system lymphoma present more often in HIV-infected patients. These particular cancers often foreshadow a poor prognosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or KSHV cause many of these lymphomas. In HIV-infected patients, lymphoma often arises in extranodal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. [29] When they occur in an HIV-infected patient, KS and aggressive B cell lymphomas confer a diagnosis of AIDS.Invasive cervical cancer in HIV-infected women is also considered AIDS-defining. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).[30]In addition to the AIDS-defining tumors listed above, HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of certain other tumors, notably Hodgkin's disease, anal and rectal carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, head and neck cancers, and lung cancer. Some of these are causes by viruses, such as Hodgkin's disease (EBV), anal/rectal cancers (HPV), head and neck cancers (HPV), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatitis B or C). Other contributing factors include exposure to carcinogens (cigarette smoke for lung cancer), or living for years with subtle immune defects.Interestingly, the incidence of many common tumors, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, does not increase in HIV-infected patients. In areas where HAART is extensively used to treat AIDS, the incidence of many AIDS-related malignancies has decreased, but at the same time malignant cancers overall have become the most common cause of death of HIV-infected patients.[31] In recent years, an increasing proportion of these deaths have been from non-AIDS-defining cancers.Other infectionsAIDS patients often develop opportunistic infections that present with non-specific symptoms, especially low-grade fevers and weight loss. These include opportunistic infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV can cause colitis, as described above, and CMV retinitis can cause blindness.Penicilliosis due to Penicillium marneffei is now the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic area of Southeast Asia.[32]An infection that often goes unrecognized in AIDS patients is Parvovirus B19. Its main consequence is anemia, which is difficult to distinguish from the effects of antiretroviral drugs used to treat AIDS itself.[33]
What substance is known to produce cancer?
Substances that are known to cause cancer are called "carcinogens".The list of known carcinogens is rather extensive.Several different organizations publish lists of known carcinogens including:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)National Toxicology Program (NTP) - which includes parts of several different US government agencies, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The NTP updates its Report on Carcinogens (RoC) every few years.US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)US CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)National Cancer Institute (NCI)As of November 2016 IARC lists the following as "Group 1: Carcinogenic to Humans" Acetaldehyde (from consuming alcoholic beverages)Acheson process, occupational exposure associated withAcid mists, strong inorganicAflatoxinsAlcoholic beveragesAluminum production4-AminobiphenylAreca nutAristolochic acid (and plants containing it)Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compoundsAsbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestosAuramine productionAzathioprineBenzeneBenzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidineBenzo[a]pyreneBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBetel quid, with or without tobaccoBis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)Busulfan1,3-ButadieneCadmium and cadmium compoundsChlorambucilChlornaphazineChromium (VI) compoundsClonorchis sinensis (infection with), also known as the Chinese liver flukeCoal, indoor emissions from household combustionCoal gasificationCoal-tar distillationCoal-tar pitchCoke productionCyclophosphamideCyclosporine1,2-DichloropropaneDiethylstilbestrolEngine exhaust, dieselEpstein-Barr virus (infection with)ErioniteEstrogen postmenopausal therapyEstrogen-progestogen postmenopausal therapy (combined)Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) (Note: There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary)Ethanol in alcoholic beveragesEthylene oxideEtoposideEtoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycinFission products, including strontium-90Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphiboleFormaldehydeHaematite mining (underground)Helicobacter pylori (infection with)Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (infection with)Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 (infection with) (Note: The HPV types that have been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) (infection with)Ionizing radiation (all types)Iron and steel founding (workplace exposure)Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acidsKaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (infection with)Leather dustLindaneMagenta productionMelphalanMethoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation, also known as PUVA4,4'-Methylenebis(chloroaniline) (MOCA)Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treatedMOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents2-NaphthylamineNeutron radiationNickel compoundsN'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)Opisthorchis viverrini(infection with), also known as the Southeast Asian liver flukeOutdoor air pollution (and the particulate matter in it)Painter (workplace exposure as a)3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)2,3,4,7,8-PentachlorodibenzofuranPhenacetin (and mixtures containing it)Phosphorus-32, as phosphatePlutoniumPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)Processed meat (consumption of)Radioiodines, including iodine-131Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)Radium-224 and its decay productsRadium-226 and its decay productsRadium-228 and its decay productsRadon-222 and its decay productsRubber manufacturing industrySalted fish (Chinese-style)Schistosoma haematobium(infection with)Semustine (methyl-CCNU)Shale oilsSilica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobaliteSolar radiationSoot (as found in workplace exposure of chimney sweeps)Sulfur mustardTamoxifen (Note: There is also conclusive evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer in breast cancer patients)2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxinThiotepaThorium-232 and its decay productsTobacco, smokelessTobacco smoke, secondhandTobacco smokingortho-ToluidineTreosulfanTrichloroethyleneUltraviolet (UV) radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC raysUltraviolet-emitting tanning devicesVinyl chlorideWood dustX- and Gamma-radiationThe NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens "Known to be human carcinogens lists" AflatoxinsAlcoholic beverage consumption4-AminobiphenylAnalgesic mixtures containing phenacetinAristolochic acidsArsenic and inorganic arsenic compoundsAsbestosAzathioprineBenzeneBenzidineBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBis(chloromethyl) ether and technical-grade chloromethyl methyl ether1,3-Butadiene1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate (also known as busulfan)Cadmium and cadmium compoundsChlorambucil1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU)Chromium hexavalent compoundsCoal tar pitchesCoal tarsCoke oven emissionsCyclophosphamideCyclosporin ADiethylstilbestrol (DES)Dyes metabolized to benzidineEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)ErioniteEstrogens, steroidalEthylene oxideFormaldehydeHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)Human papilloma viruses: some genital-mucosal typesHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8, or HHV-8)MelphalanMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)Methoxsalen with ultraviolet A therapy (PUVA)Mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated)Mustard gas2-NaphthylamineNeutronsNickel compoundsOral tobacco productsRadonSilica, crystalline (respirable size)Solar radiationSootsStrong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acidSunlamps or sunbeds, exposure toTamoxifen2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); "dioxin"ThiotepaThorium dioxideTobacco smoke, environmentalTobacco, smokelessTobacco smokingo‑ToluidineTrichloroethylene (TCE)Vinyl chlorideUltraviolet (UV) radiation, broad spectrumWood dustX-radiation and gamma radiationNote that there is extensive overlap between these two lists although in some cases the same thing is listed somewhat differently.
What channel was the cartoon the Mask on?
The cartoon ran on CBS for the first run, and for the 1996-97 season,it aired on these BKN stations.Albany, GA #1: FOX 31 (WFXL) Weekdays 8:30amAlbany, GA #2: UPN 35 (WBKL) Weekdays 3:00pmAlbuquerque, NM: UPN 50 (KASY) Weekdays 3:00pmAmarillo, TX: FOX 14 (KCIT) Weekdays 8:00amAnchorage, AK: UPN 5 (KYES) Weekdays 7:30amAtlanta, GA: UPN 69 (WUPA) Weekdays 7:30amAugusta, GA: FOX 54 (WFXG) Weekdays 7:00amAustin, TX: IND 13 (K13VC) Weeknights 5:00pmBakersfield, CA: UPN 45 (KUZZ) Weekdays 7:30amBaltimore, MD: FOX 45 (WBFF) Weekdays 6:30amBaton Rouge, LA: WB 11 (K11TT) Weekdays 3:00pmBillings, MT: FOX 4 (KHMT) Weekdays 7:00amBirmingham, AL: UPN 68 (WABM) Weekdays 7:00amBoise, ID: FOX 12 (KTRV) Weekdays 6:30amBoston, MA: WB 56 (WLVI) Weekdays 3:30pmBowling Green, KY: FOX 40 (WKNT) Weekdays 7:00amBristol, VA: UPN 30 (WAPK) Weeknights 5:00pmBuffalo, NY: IND 67 (WNGS) Weekdays 4:30pmChampaign, IL: FOX 27 (WCCU) Weekdays 8:30amCharleston, SC: WB 36 (WBNU) Weekdays 4:00pmCharlotte, NC: WB 55 (WFVT) Weekdays 4:00pmChattanooga, TN: UPN 53 (WFLI) Weekdays 3:00pmChicago, IL: UPN 50 (WPWR) Weekdays 7:30amChico, CA: FOX 30 (KCVU) Weekdays 8:30amCincinnati, OH: UPN 64 (WSTR) Weekdays 7:30amCleveland, OH: IND 55 (WBNX) Weekdays 7:00amCoeur d'Alene, ID: IND 58 (K58DQ) Weekdays 3:00pmColumbus, GA: FOX 54 (WXTX) Weekdays 6:30amColumbus, OH: FOX 28 (WTTE) Weekdays 8:00amCookeville, TN: WB 28 (WKZX) Weekdays 3:30pmDayton, OH: WB 51 (WUCT) Weekdays 3:00pmDenver, CO: UPN 20 (KTVD) Weekdays 7:30amDetroit, MI: UPN 50 (WKBD) Weekdays 8:00amEau Claire, WI: FOX 48 (WEUX) Weekdays 2:30pmErie, PA: FOX 66 (WFXP) Weekdays 6:30amEugene, OR: UPN 25 (KEVU) Weekdays 8:00amEureka, CA: FOX 29 (KBVU) Weekdays 8:30amEvansville, IN: UPN 52 (W52AZ) Weekdays 7:00amFindlay, OH: UPN 47 (WFND) Weekdays 4:00pmFlorence, SC: UPN 21 (WWMB) Weekdays 3:30pmFort Myers, FL: UPN 46 (WTVK) Weekdays 7:00amFort Smith, AR: FOX 34 (KPBI) Weekdays 7:00amFort Wayne, IN: FOX 55 (WFFT) Weekdays 7:00amFresno, CA: UPN 53 (KAIL) Weekdays 7:00amGrand Junction, CO: UPN 27 (KGJT) Weekdays 7:00amGreen Bay, WI: UPN 32 (WACY) Weekdays 8:00amGreensboro, NC: UPN 48 (WUPN) Weekdays 8:00amGreenville, NC: FOX 14 (WYDO) Weekdays 2:30pmGreenville, SC: IND 40 (WFBC) Weekdays 2:30pmHarrisburg, PA: UPN 15 (WLYH) Weekdays 4:30pmHartford, CT: UPN 20 (WTXX) Weeknights 5:30pmHolly Springs, MS: IND 20 (WBII) Weekdays 3:30pmHonolulu, HI: UPN 5 (KFVE) Weekdays 7:00amHouston, TX: UPN 20 (KTXH) Weekdays 4:00pmIndianapolis, IN: UPN 4 (WTTV) Weekdays 7:30amKansas City, MO: WB 29 (KCWB) Weekdays 3:30pmKnoxville, TN: FOX 43 (WTNZ) Weekdays 6:00amKokomo, IN: UPN 29 (WTTK) Weekdays 7:30amLa Crosse, WI: FOX 25 (WLAX) Weekdays 2:30pmLafayette, LA: UPN 62 (KLAF) Weekdays 3:30pmLansing, MI: FOX 47 (WSYM) Weekdays 8:00amLas Vegas, NV: FOX 5 (KVVU) Weekdays 7:30amLima, OH: FOX 67 (WOHL) Weekdays 8:30amLincoln, NE: NBC 5 (KHAS) Weekdays 3:00pmLittle Rock, AR: UPN 38 (KASN) Weekdays 7:00amLos Angeles, CA: IND 9 (KCAL) Weekdays 7:00amLouisville, KY: FOX 34 (WGRB) Weekdays 7:00amMadison, WI: FOX 47 (WMSN) Weekdays 7:00amMedford, OR: WB 49 (KBSC) Weekdays 2:30pmMemphis, TN: UPN 30 (WLMT) Weekdays 4:00pmMiami, FL: UPN 33 (WBFS) Weekdays 7:00amMilwaukee, WI: UPN 24 (WCGV) Weekdays 7:30amMinneapolis, MN: UPN 9 (KMSP) Weekdays 7:30amMontgomery, AL: UPN 64 (WAXC) Weekdays 3:30pmMorehead City, NC: FOX 8 (WFXI) Weekdays 2:30pmMorgan City, LA: IND 39 (KWBJ) Weekdays 3:30pmNashville, TN: WB 58 (WNAB) Weekdays 3:00pmNew Orleans, LA: UPN 54 (WUPL) Weekdays 7:00amNew York, NY: WB 11 (WPIX) Weekdays 7:00amNorfolk, VA: WB 43 (WVBT) Weekdays 4:00pmNorth Platte, NE: UPN 11 (KIIT) Weekdays 6:00amOdessa, TX: FOX 24 (KPEJ) Weekdays 6:00amOklahoma City, OK: UPN 34 (KOCB) Weekdays 7:00amOmaha, NE: FOX 42 (KPTM) Weekdays 5:30amOrlando, FL: WB 18 (WKCF) Weekdays 3:30pmPhiladelphia, PA: WB 17 (WPHL) Weekdays 7:00amPhoenix, AZ: UPN 45 (KUTP) Weekdays 7:00amPittsburgh, PA #1: WB 19 (WTWB) Weekdays 4:00pmPittsburgh, PA #2: FOX 53 (WPGH) Weekdays 7:30amPlattsburgh, NY: UPN 27 (WWBI) Weekdays 4:00pmPortland, ME: FOX 27 (W27BL) Weekdays 7:00amPortland, OR: WB 32 (KWBP) Weekdays 3:30pmProvidence, RI: FOX 64 (WNAC) Weekdays 5:30amRaleigh, NC: WB 50 (WRAZ) Weekdays 4:30pmReno, NV: UPN 21 (KAME) Weekdays 8:00amRichmond, VA: WB 65 (WAWB) Weekdays 4:00pmRoanoke, VA: WB 24 (WDRG) Weekdays 2:30pmRochester, NY: WB 16 (XWBT) Weekdays 3:30pmSt. Louis, MO: WB 11 (KPLR) Weekdays 8:00amSalt Lake City, UT: UPN 14 (KJZZ) Weekdays 7:30amSan Antonio, TX: UPN 35 (KRRT) Weekdays 6:30amSan Francisco, CA: UPN 44 (KBHK) Weekdays 3:00pmSanta Rosa, CA: IND 50 (KFTY) Weekdays 7:00amSavannah, GA: WB 34 (WUBI) Weekdays 3:30pmSeattle, WA: WB 22 (KTZZ) Weekdays 8:00amShreveport, LA: UPN 45 (KSHV) Weekdays 7:00amSpringfield, IL: FOX 55 (WRSP) Weekdays 7:00amSpringfield, MO: UPN 15 (KOJQ) Weeknights 5:00pmSyracuse, NY: UPN 43 (WNYS) Weekdays 7:00amTallahassee, FL: FOX 49 (WTLH) Weekdays 5:30amTampa, FL: UPN 44 (WTOG) Weekdays 8:00amTerre Haute, IN: FOX 38 (WBAK) Weekdays 7:00amToledo, OH: WB 5 (ToledoVision 5) Weekdays 3:00pmTopeka, KS: FOX 6 (KTMJ) Weekdays 2:00pmTucson, AZ: FOX 11 (KMSB) Weekdays 6:00amTulsa, OK: FOX 23 (KOKI) Weekdays 7:00amTyler, TX: FOX 51 (KFXK) Weekdays 6:30amUtica, NY: UPN 53 (WPNY) Weekdays 8:00amVentura, CA: WB 57 (KSTV) Weekdays 3:30pmWaco, TX: UPN 62 (KAKW) Weekdays 8:00amWashington, DC: WB 50 (WBDC) Weekdays 3:30pmWausau, WI: NBC 12 (WJFW) Weekdays 3:30pmWest Palm Beach, FL: UPN 34 (WTVX) Weekdays 3:00pmWichita, KS: IND 55 (KCTU) Weekdays 4:00pmWichita Falls, TX: UPN 35 (KJBO) Weekdays 7:00am
