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The crustal movement of plates on the Earth's surface in relation to each other is termed plate tectonics. This theory explains the dynamics of the Earth's lithosphere, where tectonic plates interact at their boundaries, leading to geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building. These movements can occur due to various forces, including mantle convection, slab pull, and ridge push. Overall, plate tectonics is integral to understanding the Earth's geological history and processes.

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