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An atomic or molecular energy state which cannot accommodate any more particles. The lowest electronic level in any atom is the so-called 1s level. This can take up to 2 electrons (basically the 2 spin states "up" and "down"). Hydrogen only has one electron, so that's no problem. Helium has 2, so that second electron can also go in, OK. But Lithium has 3, so we have to start filling up a new energy state ("2s", then "2p"), because the 1s level is "full".

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