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A cell membrane is basically a double layer of lipids (fat molecules) with a bunch of proteins in it. Each fat molecule has two molecular "tails" that don't mix with water (just like oil doesn't) and one extremity that does. Because of this characteristic the part that does mix with water is facing outward (cells are immersed in water environments) or inward (cells are mostly water on the inside) and the double "tails" are sandwiched on the inside, there they don't come into contact with water, only with eachother and other molecules that don't mix well with water.

There are basically two types of protein that are found in the membrane:

- some that cross all the way through, called 'transmembrane'. These are able to do this because they, like the double layer of positionally opposite fat molecules, have one part that doesn't mix with water and two parts that do. Membrane pores for instance would be of this type.

- Some that are on the periphery of the double layer, either on the outer part or inner part, called 'peripheral proteins'. These mix with water and consequently they also mix well enough with molecules that mix with water.

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