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A. Prokaryotes have a diverse set of energy sources

B. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells

C. Prokaryotic cells share certain features

1. Plasma membrane

2. Nucleoid containing DNA

3. Cytoplasn

a. Cytosol: water, dissolved ions, water-soluble macromolecules

b. Ribosomes: Synthesize protein

D. Some prokaryotic cells have specialized features

1. Cell walls

a. Located outside plasma membrane

b. Peptidoclycan

c. Not a major permeable barrier

d. Capsule: slime like coating outside cell-wall for protection in bacteria

2. Internal Membranes

a. Photosynthetic bacteria use internal membranes for energy-releasing reactions

3. Flagella and Pili

a. Flagella: Movement

b. Pili: adhere to other cells to exchange genetic material, food, protection

4. Cytoskeleton

a. Helical filaments composed of actin to maintain cell shape

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