pons
The second cranial nerve is called the optic nerve. It carries visual information from the retina at the back of the eye to the visual centers in the brain, allowing us to process and interpret visual stimuli.
The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries sensory information about light intensity to the brain as part of the afferent pathway in the pupillary reflex.
The brainstem is the structure that links the upper and lower centers of the brain. It controls basic functions like breathing and heart rate, and also serves as a pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
Action potentials from baroreceptors are transmitted to the brain primarily through the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), not the phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve primarily innervates the diaphragm and is involved in motor control of respiration. The baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure and relay this information to the cardiovascular centers in the brainstem for regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. Thus, the phrenic nerve is not involved in the baroreceptor signaling pathway.
Two key substances needed for conduction are electrons and a conductive material. Electrons serve as the charge carriers that move through the material, while the conductive material provides a pathway for the electrons to flow.
pons
Pathway Centers for Children was created in 1975.
The second cranial nerve is called the optic nerve. It carries visual information from the retina at the back of the eye to the visual centers in the brain, allowing us to process and interpret visual stimuli.
An aberrant conduction is a heart condition where the electrical stimulus travels via an abnormal pathway.
The two cranial nerves that must be functional for the pupillary light reflex to occur are cranial nerve II (optic nerve) for the afferent pathway (carrying the visual information from the retina to the brain) and cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) for the efferent pathway (carrying the motor response to constrict the pupil).
The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries sensory information about light intensity to the brain as part of the afferent pathway in the pupillary reflex.
The cranial nerves exit from the brainstem. They emerge from specific openings in the skull called foramina, which are small bony passageways. These openings provide a pathway for the cranial nerves to exit the skull and innervate different parts of the head and neck.
Most of the parasympathetic motor pathway goes through oculomotor, facial, glassopharyngeal and vagus nerve. They are third, seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves. There is sacral out flow also.
Afferent pathway
Afferent pathway
Yes, conduction through the autonomic efferent chain is generally slower than conduction through the somatic motor system. This is because the autonomic nervous system involves two neurons in the pathway (preganglionic and postganglionic), which introduces a delay in signal transmission compared to the direct pathway in the somatic motor system with only one neuron.
Conduction units in electrical conductivity serve to transfer electrical signals or currents between different components in a circuit. They facilitate the flow of electricity by providing a pathway for the movement of electrons. This allows for the transmission of information or power within a system.