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A wetland is an area of land that is wet for all or part of the year (e.g. swamps, marsh). A wetland contains some level of water, fed by creeks, streams, or even underground springs. The water is not deep enough to be a pond, but rarely, if ever, drying out to the squelchy level of a bog. They are important habitats for birds, frogs, turtles and are often protected by law. Plants of the wetlands include cattails, sedges, bushes (of many types), and grasses.

Because wetlands require a period of inundation (flooded soil) at least part of the year, they are often characterized by reductive soil chemistry. The soil is full of water, with little or no oxygen, therefore redox rather than oxidizing reactions are common.

Wetlands slow erosion, help recharge groundwater, and help prevent flooding.

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