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When large amounts of power are being switched, electron flow across the switch contacts can ionize the air molecules as the switch is opened, forming a gas plasma or an electric arc. The plasma is of low resistance and is able to sustain power flow even with the separation distance between the switch contacts is steadily increasing. This plasma is very hot and can erode the metal surfaces of the switch contacts, causing significant degradation of the contacts as well as electromagnetic interference.

Very large capacity switches often have their contacts immersed in mineral oil to check any arcing. Oil immersion is also used in hazardous environments, where the arc could initiate an explosion.

A single pole switch is a simple on-off switch with two terminals and a mechanism to connect and disconnect them. A light switch would be an example.

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