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Ions are formed when elements either gain or lose their electrons. For example, Sodium (Na), since it has one electron in its outer shell (valence electron) it will be easier for the atom to lose its one valence electron and give it to an element that would want to gain that one electron, for example, Chlorine. This reaction of gaining or losing electrons would create an either negative ion (gained electrons) or a positive ion (lost electrons). For the example that I did, the element Sodium would lose its one electron in its outer shell making it Na +1 because it would have one more positive charge then it would negative charge.

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