How is each modified or specialized stem adapted to its function?
Rhizomes: These horizontally-growing stems allow for vegetative propagation, as they can produce new shoots and roots. They also store reserves for the plant to use during times of stress or dormancy.
Stolons: Also known as runners, these stems enable asexual reproduction by sprouting new plants where they come into contact with the soil. They help the plant spread across the ground and colonize new areas.
Tubers: These swollen, underground stems store energy in the form of starches for the plant. They serve as a nutrient reserve that can be used during periods of growth or sprouting, such as the development of new shoots.
Bulbs: Modified stems consisting of layers of fleshy leaves, bulbs store nutrients to support the growth of a new plant. They also protect the delicate shoot at the center and provide a compact structure for energy reserves.