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Cortical thickness refers to the measurement of the thickness of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain responsible for various functions such as sensory perception, cognitive processes, and motor control. It is an important indicator in neuroimaging studies, as variations in cortical thickness can be associated with different neurological conditions, developmental processes, and cognitive abilities. Researchers often use techniques like MRI to assess cortical thickness, which can provide insights into brain health and disease progression.

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