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There exist three species of alkalinity; bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide. The concentration of each species will vary with pH. Total alkalinity is the measurement of all species of alkalinity in the water. The concentration of each of the three species can be determined by titrating a water sample with acid of a known concentration and using chemical indicators, phenolphthalein (P indicator),methyl orange (M indicator), or a pH meter to determine "endpoints". The chemical indicators change color at a certain pH points(the endpoint). The mix of alkaline species change as pH decreases. Hydroxide alkalinity disappears below pH 10.3, carbonate below 8.3 and bicarbonate below 4.3 (or thereabout). The P indicator turns from pink to clear at or below pH 8.3 The M indicator turns from orange to yellow below pH 4.3. The amount of acid required to produce a color change is used to calculate the amount of P and M alkalinity. The P and M results are use to calculate "O" or hydroxide alkalinity. Depending on the ionic constituents of the water, these relationships can change or be interfered with.
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What is difference between carbonate and noncarbonate hardness?
Carbonate hardness is the measure of hard ions associated with carbonate and bicarbonate anions contained in the water.Noncarbonate hardness is the portion of total hardness in water that is not produced by carbonates, but primarily by sulfate anions.
Do the hardness number of unlike materials give a satisfactory basis for comparing their hardness?
No, the hardness number of unlike materials does not give a satisfactory basis for comparing their hardness because different materials may have different structures and properties that affect their hardness in ways the hardness number may not fully capture. It is more accurate to use a combination of hardness tests and material properties to make accurate comparisons.
Why methyl orange alkalinity equal to total alkalinity?
Alkalinity is different from basicity, which is directly related to the pH. The higher the pH, the more basic the water.Like acidity, there are different ways to measure and report alkalinity;The first is to titrate the water with acid titrant to the phenolphthalein end point. This is called the phenolphthalein alkalinity. Since phenolphthalein changes color at pH~8.3, this corresponds to a pH where all the CO32- present would be protonated.Second, acid titration to a methyl orange end point, pH~4.3, further converts the bicarbonate to aqueous carbon dioxide. At this end point, some of the weaker conjugate bases are protonated. The methyl orange end point titration indicates total alkalinity.
What is moh's hardness?
it is a geological scale that measures the hardness of different minerals. Talc being the softest and a diamond being the hardest.
What is the hardness of a volcanic rock?
Volcanic rocks can vary in hardness depending on their mineral composition. On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, most volcanic rocks fall between 5 to 7, with basalt being around 6 and rhyolite around 7.
How do you find what the ppm is of a 24-foot round pool?
There are ppm's to chlorine, pH, alkalinity, water hardness, copper etc., etc, etc, etc. Rethink and ask in a different format.
What is difference between barcol hardness and Shore A hardness?
what is the difference between Shore-A Hardness & Barcol Hardness
What is the main difference between rockwell and brinell hardness?
Both are two different scales of hardness measurement.
What is the relationship between alkalinity and pH in water quality testing?
In water quality testing, alkalinity and pH are related but measure different things. pH measures the acidity or basicity of water, while alkalinity measures the water's ability to resist changes in pH. A higher alkalinity level can help buffer changes in pH, making the water more stable.
What is the relationship between pH and total alkalinity in water chemistry?
The relationship between pH and total alkalinity in water chemistry is that alkalinity helps to buffer or stabilize the pH level of water. Total alkalinity measures the ability of water to resist changes in pH, so higher alkalinity levels can help maintain a stable pH level in water.
What is alkalinity and how does it affect water quality?
Alkalinity is a measure of the water's ability to resist changes in pH levels. It indicates the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide ions in water. Alkalinity helps buffer against sudden changes in pH, which can be harmful to aquatic life. High alkalinity levels can lead to increased water hardness and nutrient levels, affecting the overall water quality and ecosystem balance.
How much baking soda to soften pool water?
Baking soda will not soften (remove calcium hardness) from pool water. It will raise total alkalinity.
How do you I calculate the Rockwell Hardness number?
Converting between different hardness scales is not an exact science, but there are many charts available that will show the approximate relationship between different scales. One chart is available at http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-hardness.htm Another useful website for converting between different hardness scales is http://www.efunda.com/units/hardness/convert_hardness.cfm Tianxing Testing Instruments Co. Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of portable hardness testers http://www.hardnesstesters.biz/
Is there a difference between pH and alkalinity?
Yes, there is a difference between pH and alkalinity. pH measures the acidity or basicity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14, while alkalinity measures the ability of a solution to neutralize acids. pH is a specific measurement, while alkalinity is a broader concept related to buffering capacity.
The hardness of iron?
It's actually a rather difficult question to answer as iron can be forged in a number of different ways, each giving a different hardness. I've attached a link to a site giving different hardness values for some treatments of grey iron.
How does one figure out how to get the alkalinity level I know it is supposed to be between 80 and 120 but how do I figure that out?
What are your readings? What is the pH? alkalinity? Ken
Does baking soda provide increase calcium hardness in a pool?
No, baking soda does not increase calcium hardness in a pool. It is used to raise alkalinity and help stabilize pH levels in pool water. To increase calcium hardness, you would need to use calcium chloride.
