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What term refers to the chemical potential of hydrogen?
pH refers to the chemical potential of hydrogen.
How can you increase the rate of evaporation?
The evaporation rate can be increased by the increasing heat and mass transfer: (a) Raising the temperature, which increases the vapor pressure (b) Decreasing the concentration of the substance being evaporated in the vapor phase. For example, lowering the ralative humidity will allow more water to evaporate at a given temperature. (c) Increasing the heat flow to the liquid (d) Increasing the surface area of the liquid (For example, water in a wide pan will evaporate faster than water stored in an open bottle.), (e) Reducing the pressure, which decreases the boiling point. (f) Increasing the velocity of the vapor phase in contact with the liquid being evaporated
Why does sugar crystals dissolve faster in hot water than cold water?
As you raise the temperature, the fugacity of the solid increases. As a consequence, the driving force for the solid to move to the solvent as a solute increases. The mathematics are very similar to the equations describing heat transfer where the driving force to move heat increases as the difference in temperature between two surfaces increases. In the case of dissolving the sugar, the Gibbs free energy increases and the delta between the solid and the solute increases.
Type of thermodynamic properties?
Thermodynamic properties are specific volume, density, pressure, and temperature. Other properties are constant pressure, constant volume specific heats, Gibbs free energy, specific internal energy and enthalpy, and entropy.
How do you separate magnetite from quartz grains?
Magnetite is a mineral, one of the two common naturally occurring iron oxides (chemical formula Fe3O4) and a member of the spinel group. Magnetite is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth.[6] Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, and this was how ancient people first noticed the property of magnetism.Small grains of magnetite occur in almost all igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is black or brownish-black with a metallic luster, has a Mohs hardness of 5-6 and a black streak.The chemical IUPAC name is iron(II,III) oxide and the common chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide.Lodestones were used as an early form of magnetic compass. Magnetite typically carries the dominant magnetic signature in rocks, and so it has been a critical tool in paleomagnetism, a science important in understanding plate tectonics and as historic data for magnetohydrodynamics and other scientific fields. The relationships between magnetite and other iron-rich oxide minerals such as ilmenite, hematite, and ulvospinel have been much studied; the reactions between these minerals and oxygen influence how and when magnetite preserves a record of the Earth's magnetic field.Magnetite has been very important in understanding the conditions under which rocks form. Magnetite reacts with oxygen to produce hematite, and the mineral pair forms a buffer that can control oxygen fugacity. Commonly, igneous rocks contain grains of two solid solutions, one of magnetite and ulvospinel and the other of ilmenite and hematite. Compositions of the mineral pairs are used to calculate how oxidizing was the magma (i.e., the oxygen fugacity of the magma): a range of oxidizing conditions are found in magmas and the oxidation state helps to determine how the magmas might evolve by fractional crystallization.Magnetite also occurs in many sedimentary rocks, including banded iron formations. In many igneous rocks, magnetite-rich and ilmenite-rich grains occur that precipitated together in magma. Magnetite also is produced from peridotites and dunites by serpentinization.The Curie temperature of magnetite is 858 K (585 °C; 1,085 °F).
When does a liquid gets saturated?
when it is unable to dissolve further soluteWhen the fugacity of the solute in the liquid phase is equal to the fugacity of the undissolved solute
Does pressure effect on adsorption of oxygen?
Yes. Pressue effects both adsorption and absorption of oxygen. I assume you really did mean adsorption (and not absorption) but just in case, this answer addresses both - since the answer is similar. As pressure increases, the fugacity of oxygen in the liquid or vapor phase will also increase. In order to stay in equilibrium, you would expect the concentration of oxygen on a surface (adsorption) to increase as well. There is one caveat in that if the oxygen is in a mixture, the fugacity of the other components of the mixture will also be increasing and may be in competition with the oxygen for adsorption to the surface. Once the surface is saturated, raising the pressure may not have any effect on the adsorption. Likewise, dropping the pressure will decrease the fugacity of oxygen in the fluid phase and promote desorption from a surface (the reverse of adsorption). Similarly, increasing or decreasing pressure will increase and decrease the fugacity of oxygen in the vapor phase and require more or less oxygen to be absorbed into a liquid (or in some cases solids - although most solids don't dissolve gasses very well). Increaing pressure can also change the distribution of oxygen between two immiscible liquids as the fugacity of the oxygen in each depends on both pressure and the effect of pressure on the fugacity of the solvent liquids.
What has the author R Netherton written?
R Netherton has written: 'An apparatus for simultaneously measuring electrical conductivity and oxygen fugacity' -- subject(s): Oxidation, Measurement, Electric conductivity, Silicates, Electric properties
What term refers to the chemical potential of hydrogen?
pH refers to the chemical potential of hydrogen.
Is it true that in fractional distillation of petroleum low-boiling hydrocarbons come out first?
Yes Since they have a lower boiling point, they have a higher vapor pressure - or to be more exact, a higher fugacity, than the higher boiling point components at the same temperature.
What are some words end with the suffix acity?
Some words end with acity: * audacity * capacity * edacity * efficacity * feracity * fugacity * incapacity * loquacity * megacity * mendacity * minacity * opacity * overcapacity * perspicacity * pertinacity * predacity * pugnacity * rapacity * sagacity * salacity * sequacity * tenacity * veracity * vivacity * voracity
What are some eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 5th letter C?
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern F-G-C---. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 5th letter C. In alphabetical order, they are: fugacity
What are some eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 4th letter A and 6th letter I?
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern F-GA-I--. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 4th letter A and 6th letter I. In alphabetical order, they are: fegaries fugacity
What are some eight letter words with 1st letter F and 5th letter C and 7th letter T?
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 6 words with the pattern F---C-T-. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter F and 5th letter C and 7th letter T. In alphabetical order, they are: felicity feracity ferocity frascati fugacity furacity
What are some eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 5th letter C and 6th letter I?
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern F-G-CI--. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 5th letter C and 6th letter I. In alphabetical order, they are: fugacity
What are some eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 4th letter A and 7th letter T?
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern F-GA--T-. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter F and 3rd letter G and 4th letter A and 7th letter T. In alphabetical order, they are: fugacity
How can you increase the rate of evaporation?
The evaporation rate can be increased by the increasing heat and mass transfer: (a) Raising the temperature, which increases the vapor pressure (b) Decreasing the concentration of the substance being evaporated in the vapor phase. For example, lowering the ralative humidity will allow more water to evaporate at a given temperature. (c) Increasing the heat flow to the liquid (d) Increasing the surface area of the liquid (For example, water in a wide pan will evaporate faster than water stored in an open bottle.), (e) Reducing the pressure, which decreases the boiling point. (f) Increasing the velocity of the vapor phase in contact with the liquid being evaporated
