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It is believed that the earth consists of a solid core of iron and nickel, and some suphur, a liquid outer core of the same consistency. Magnesium and silicon oxides in the Lower mantle. Garnet, Spinel, Pyroxene, Peridotite, Eclogite, and Perovskite in the upper mantle. And oxides and silicates within the crust.

These conclusions are the result of seismologists monitoring of the speed and angle of various waves produced by earthquakes as they travel through the earth, to be picked up at different monitoring stations, with the densities of the surrounding materials that the waves travel through causing various degrees of refraction of those waves, differences in the speed of travel, and complete cancellation in some cases.

Using those findings, it has been possible to determine what the consistency of the materials are most likely to be at different depths within the earth.

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