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Chloroplasts are membrane bound organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, which absorbs red light and uses it to hydrolyse water to oxygen gas and hydrogen ions. These hydrogen ions pass through the electron transport chain, which is a sequence of membrane proteins which use the energy of the ions to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the molecule used as a short-term energy store in all living cells). The oxygen is used in respiration or diffuses into the surroundings.

The hydrogen ions are transferred by a carrier molecule known as NADP to the calvin cycle, the reaction that makes glucose (sugar) out of carbon dioxide.

These two reactions collectively are the process that absorbs energy from sunlight known as photosynthesis.

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9y ago

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