It is called a supernova.
A star the size of our Sun or smaller is too small to become a "Nova", so we can expect that the original brightness of a "nova" star is probably brighter than the Sun; possibly a lot brighter.
solar flare or solar prominences
Although the cause of flares is not completely understood, they are known to be associated with the magnetic field of the Sun. One favored explanation is that they occur when magnetic fields in the Sun pointing in opposite directions interact strongly with each other. Such a situation can be brought about by the churning motion of solar material near the surface, and is more likely during periods of the active sun. Thus, there typically is a correlation between the frequency of flares and the number of sunspots.
Solar flares can be dangerous because they release high-energy radiation (including X-rays and ultraviolet light) that can harm astronauts in space, disrupt satellite communications and navigation systems, and even affect power grids on Earth. They can also cause geomagnetic storms that lead to increased aurora activity and potential damage to electronic equipment.
Earth would potentially burn up from being too close to the solar flares of which the sun radiates.
A trend which suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness and then gradually fades over a period of weeks to years.
A Nova. The colossal explosion of a very large star at the end of its life is a Supernova.
Violent explosions that release huge amounts of energy on the surface of the Sun are called solar flares. These intense bursts of radiation occur when magnetic energy that has built up in the solar atmosphere is suddenly released. Solar flares can disrupt communication and navigation systems on Earth and contribute to space weather events.
Solar flares
A star the size of our Sun or smaller is too small to become a "Nova", so we can expect that the original brightness of a "nova" star is probably brighter than the Sun; possibly a lot brighter.
Solar flares. Don't get it mixed up with prominence, because prominence is a huge,arching column of gas. And you defined what a solar flare is above:)
There are several different types of signal flares that can be used at sea.Smoke flares are hand-held flares. Once lighted, they give off white or orange smoke.Aerial flares are small flares that you launch into the sky.A flare gun holds red or white flares that you shoot up into the sky. These flares are quite visible at night.Parachute flares are flares that you fire into the sky, and they slowly descend. These flares have great visibility and a long burn time.very light
solar flare or solar prominences
every time i use acetaminophen my gout flares up, nothing else i use does that
nova
Sprout would be a word for 'to shoot up suddenly'.
The phrase you're looking for is "pop."