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Petrochemicals are substances separated or chemically derived from petroleum as a starting material. Examples of substances separated from petroleum are gasoline, kerosene, and paraffin. Examples of substances that require chemical processing are ethylene and propylene and their polymers, many alcohols, and a variety of others. The same chemical substance can be a petrochemical or not, depending on the origin of its starting materials. One of the commonest examples of this is ethanol, which can be obtained by the action of yeasts on plants such as barley or by "cracking" petroleum to produce first ethylene and then catalyzed reaction of ethylene to produce ethanol.

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