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Simply, a length of wire, wrapped round to form a coil. Pass electrical current through it and it forms a magnetic field.

The field can be intensified by wrapping the coil around a soft iron core.

Soft iron, is iron that does not easily hold a permanent magnetic field, therefore when the current stops flowing, it ceases to be a magnet. It is an electromagnet. It only becomes a magnet when current flows through the coil.

A practical home experiment. use about 2 metres of bell wire (small, single core with plastic sleeving). Use a 6" nail. Wrap all the wire around the nail leaving a a few inches hanging out at each end.

Connect the wire ends to either side of a large torch battery.

You can now pick up pins. Release the wire and the pins drop.

Use a 6v lantern battery for more power.

DO NOT USE MAINS POWER. or car battery.

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