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Clay soil is one comprised of soil particles that are extremely fine (0.02mm in diameter). The particles are extremly closely packed, which does not allow much "pore space" with in the soil - making it generally anearobic in nature.

As the particles are very small the clay has a high surface area and can retain a lot of water when wet; on the flip side once it dried out it bakes hard and is difficult to rehydrate. Clay soils also shrink in volume when they dry.

Most plants will not grow in heavy clay soils which the exception of some (roses and grapes) which thrive in them.

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