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The substances secreted by one cell into tissue fluid that diffuse to nearby cells and stimulate their physiology are known as local signaling molecules or paracrines. These include various types of signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters, growth factors, and cytokines. They play a crucial role in cell communication, coordinating responses within tissues without entering the bloodstream. This form of signaling is essential for processes like tissue repair, immune responses, and cellular differentiation.

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