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along certain circulatory pathways such as the intestines there are points where small arteries have direct connections with veins. When these connections are open they act as shunts which allows blood in the artery to have direct access to a vein. These interconnections allow for sudden and major diversions of blood volume according to the physical needs of the body.

The term shunting of blood: the brain changes the amount of blood flow going to certain places by changing the size of the arterioles.

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