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a. N1 can only increase horizontally

b. N2 can only increase vertically

Second, we need to find combinations of N1 and N2 for which the growth rate = 0 for each species population (equilibrium population sizes)

N1=k1-a12N2 and N2= K2-a21N1

Third, we need to put the resulting equations on our axes (isoclines)

Fourth, we need to graph the change in population size of each species-population at different combinations of N1 and N2.

a. The arrows on the graphs show the direction of change, and are called vectors

b. Below its own isocline, a population increases, above its own isocline, a population decreases

Fifth, we graph the possible outcomes of competition

a. We do this by putting the two graphs for the individual speciespopulations together and looking at resultant vectors

b. There are four possible outcomes, depending on the relative positions of the isoclines

Competitive exclusion (population 1 is at K1, population 2 is at 0)

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The phrase "blows must decide" typically means that a situation has reached a point where a decision or resolution must be made through conflict or struggle. It implies that a judgment or outcome will be determined based on the outcome of a physical or metaphorical battle or competition.


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