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The satellite of the Earth known by two names, Moon and Luna.

Luna is the actual Latin name for the satellite and for the goddess it is supposed to represent. There are plenty of cognates in the Romance languages, such as French Lune and Portuguese Lua. There's probably a relationship here with lux, lumen "light".

The English name, Moon, derives from OE mona, itself derived from Proto-Germanic maenon, from PIE *me(n)ses "Moon, month". It's not really "named after" anything, though the root *me- is probably from a term meaning "to measure" (the idea here being that the Moon's phases can be used to measure time). Again, there are an abundance of cognate terms in other languages derived from PIE, such as ON Mani, the goddess of the Moon, and Greek mene, "moon").

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