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It measures the magnitude of an eruption based on how much debris is ejected. It goes from one to eight, one being the quietest and eight being the worst.

VEI 1) Not too bad. A few rumbles and some ash/lava

VEI 2) A little worse. More ashfall and more hazards

VEI 3) Destructive. Explosions heard far away and ashfall reaches great distances

VEI 4) Serious. Hot gasses, ash, and pumice forms deadly avalanches that travel tens of miles flattening and cooking everything (pyroclastic flows).

VEI 5) Horrible destruction. Pyroclastic flows and ashfall cause major disruptions in local and distant areas.

VEI 6) Devastating. Property completely destroyed. Eruptions consist of a series of detonations followed by powerful shockwaves.

VEI 7) Land is sterilized for tens of miles around. Shockwaves can blow down trees and poorly built homes. Pressurized air waves shatter people's eardrums and blow in windows.

VEI 8) Complete devastation. Usually called super-eruptions, these have a similar effect of asteroid impacts. Sulfur dioxide from the eruption circles the planet and causes decades of nuclear winters, resulting in famine and world-wide riots.

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