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Pure iron undergoes an allotropic transformation between two primary forms: alpha iron (ferrite) and gamma iron (austenite). At room temperature, iron exists as alpha iron, which has a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. When heated to temperatures above 912°C (1,674°F), it transforms into gamma iron, characterized by a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. This transformation significantly affects the metal's properties, including its strength and ductility.

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