If your latitude is 39 degrees north, then the north celestial pole
is 39 degrees above your northern horizon.
If your latitude is 39 degrees south, then the north celestial pole
is 39 degrees below your northern horizon.
At 45 degrees north latitude, the north celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the northern horizon. At 45 degrees south latitude, the south celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the southern horizon.
The angle between the celestial equator and your personal zenith is equal to the latitude of your location. (Whether it's north or south latitude doesn't matter, and neither does your longitude or the time of day or night where you are.)
Your latitude is 20 degrees north of the equator because Polaris is located at the celestial north pole, which is directly above the Earth's North Pole. This means that the angle between Polaris and your zenith corresponds to your angular distance north of the equator.
On December 22nd, which is the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, located at 23.5 degrees south latitude. For a person standing at 30.5 degrees south latitude, the zenith angle can be calculated by subtracting their latitude from the sun's declination. The sun's declination on this date is -23.5 degrees, so the zenith angle would be 30.5 degrees - (-23.5 degrees), resulting in a zenith angle of 30.5 + 23.5 = 54 degrees.
Delhi is situated at a latitude of approximately 28.7 degrees north. The angle between the Tropic of Cancer and the North Pole is 23.5 degrees. This means the sun is never directly overhead in Delhi because it doesn't cross the zenith at this latitude.
At 45 degrees north latitude, the north celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the northern horizon. At 45 degrees south latitude, the south celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the southern horizon.
The angle between the celestial equator and your personal zenith is equal to the latitude of your location. (Whether it's north or south latitude doesn't matter, and neither does your longitude or the time of day or night where you are.)
Your latitude is 20 degrees north of the equator because Polaris is located at the celestial north pole, which is directly above the Earth's North Pole. This means that the angle between Polaris and your zenith corresponds to your angular distance north of the equator.
On December 22nd, which is the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, located at 23.5 degrees south latitude. For a person standing at 30.5 degrees south latitude, the zenith angle can be calculated by subtracting their latitude from the sun's declination. The sun's declination on this date is -23.5 degrees, so the zenith angle would be 30.5 degrees - (-23.5 degrees), resulting in a zenith angle of 30.5 + 23.5 = 54 degrees.
30 degrees for observers at a latitude of 30 degrees north
If you are at a location with a latitude of 10 degrees north, a star with a declination of 10 degrees would be located directly overhead, at your zenith. This means the star is in the same plane as your latitude, making it the highest point in the sky relative to your position.
Defining true zenith distance is knowing the difference between Africa and south America.True zenith distance is associated with Greenwich line and meridional zenith distance is defined with the celestial equator which instructs the basin of south america. -AG
Delhi is situated at a latitude of approximately 28.7 degrees north. The angle between the Tropic of Cancer and the North Pole is 23.5 degrees. This means the sun is never directly overhead in Delhi because it doesn't cross the zenith at this latitude.
At the time of the southern hemisphere's winter solstice, the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, which circles Earth at 23.44° north latitude. So at 6° south latitude the sun appears 29.44° from the zenith (a location's zenith is directly overhead). Since there are 90° between the zenith and the horizon, the angle for which you are looking is the difference between 90° and 29.44°, 60.56°.
An observer at a latitude of 79 degrees North will see the Sun at the zenith on the summer solstice, around June 21. This is when the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky and appears directly overhead at noon.
A person would have to visit the equator for the celestial equator to pass through your zenith or one would have to be at the south pole for the south celestial pole to be at your zenith. You would not see this, but you could note it.
For an observer at latitude 35 degrees, the highest the sun can ever be in his sky is roughly 31.5 degrees above the horizon.