At the South Pole, the sun rises about September 21 and sets about March 21. The highest angle of the sun above the horizon is about 23.5 degrees. While the sun is up, its orb never dips even half way below the horizon.
The sun is directly overhead between the Tropic of Cancer (June) and the Tropic of Capricorn (December) when it's rays are most intense. They are least intense at the South Pole (June) and North Pole (December).
solstice
The tropic of Cancer is 23° North of the Equator. It represents the point where the Sun can be directly overhead. If you are any further north, the Sun can not be overhead. The corresponding feature in the southern hemisphere is the Tropic of Capricorn. As to the Sun's direct rays, they can be anywhere from the South Pole to the North Pole. Those two points and everything in between receives the Sun's direct rays at some time during the year.
System of orbits
The ozone layer is mostly affected the by the suns ultraviolet rays. This layer is present in the stratospheric region of atmosphere.
the suns rays
no
The sun is directly overhead between the Tropic of Cancer (June) and the Tropic of Capricorn (December) when it's rays are most intense. They are least intense at the South Pole (June) and North Pole (December).
Only in the angle of incidence.
The further south or north from the equator, the shallower the angle of the sun's rays hitting the earth's surface. This means that the rays travel through the atmosphere further and so have time to cool. The sun's rays hit the equator dead on, concentrated, but they hit the North and South pole at an angle, so the heat is spread out over a larger area.
The Ice sheet that covers 98% of Antarctica is the most sun-ray-reflective surface on earth. Antarctica is home to the South Pole.
true :)
The Earths axis is an imaginary line that extends from the physical North pole through the Earth to the physical South pole. Physical poles not magnetic poles. Why the axis is important to us is because the Earth is tilted 23 degrees on this axis in relation to the plane of rotation around the Sun, causing us to experience the different season due to the angle of the suns rays impacting the Earth during the year. The Earths axis is an imaginary line that extends from the physical North pole through the Earth to the physical South pole. Physical poles not magnetic poles. Why the axis is important to us is because the Earth is tilted 23 degrees on this axis in relation to the plane of rotation around the Sun, causing us to experience the different season due to the angle of the suns rays impacting the Earth during the year.
solstice
No, the sun's radiant energy is strongest at the Equator.
The angle at which the suns rays hit the earth is more nearly perpendicular, therefore more energy is delivered per unit area. Secondly the rays pass through much less atmosphere so less energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.
The light from the sun travels in a straight line, and we can assume the light rays to be parellel. The angle of incidence on the earths rounded surface depends on where you are on the earth and what time it is. Mid-day on the equator and the rays would hit the ground straight on. Further to the north or south, or later/earlier in the day and the light rays would hit at more of angle. The rays would also have to penitrate more of the earths atmosphere as the angle increases, which takes more `strength` out of the sun.