The Sun is about 30,000 lightyears from the center of the Milky Way and orbits around that center in about 200 million years, with an average speed of about 230 km/s or 800,000 km/h. The Sun has completed about 23 of those orbits so far.
A galaxy that is 3,400 billion light-years away from Earth is likely moving away from us at a significant speed due to the expansion of the universe. According to Hubble's Law, the recessional velocity of a galaxy is proportional to its distance from us. At such extreme distances, the galaxy could be receding at a speed approaching or even exceeding the speed of light due to the expansion of space itself. However, since nothing can locally exceed the speed of light, this recession is a result of the metric expansion of space rather than the galaxy moving through space.
M83 is quite a large galaxy, and it's not all at one place, so the length of your trip would depend on what part of M83 you were headed for. As an average, the distance to M83 is given as 15.81 MLy, so at the speed of light, the trip would take you 15,810,000 years. (Better take along a lot of clean underwear and reading material.)
This completely depends on the speed of the observed galaxy, the speed of the galaxy the observer resides in, and in which direction both galaxies are moving in relation to each other. There are too many variables to provide an answer at this time.
The nearest large Galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy or M31 (also Great Andromeda Nebula in old texts)It is a spiral galaxy, located about 2.5 million years from us.Unlike most galaxies, the Andromeda Galaxy is getting nearer to us and will eventually in a few billion years time "merge" with the Milky Way.See related link for more information
Yes, a body can have a nonzero average speed but zero average velocity if it moves around a closed path and returns to its starting point. For example, if a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its average speed will be nonzero (as distance is covered), but its average velocity over the entire trip will be zero as the displacement is zero.
Any such speed must be specified with relation to something: for example, with relation to the Andromeda Galaxy, the average of the Local Group, of the Local Supergroup, etc. There is no such thing as an "absolute speed".
The sun orbits around the center of the Milky Way galaxy at an average speed of about 450,000 miles per hour (720,000 kilometers per hour). This orbital speed is influenced by the gravitational pull of the galaxy's massive black hole at the center, as well as the gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies in the galaxy.
An average dwarf galaxy is small in diameter.
The speed at which a galaxy is expanding/getting larger.
The Earth's speed relative to the center of the galaxy is approximately 514,000 miles per hour.
The farther away the galaxy is from ours the faster it moves from our galaxy.
The average diameter of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy is 10 kiloparsecs.
The Andromeda galaxy is around 2.5 million light years away, but is moving towards out galaxy at a speed of about 100 to 140 kilometres per second (62 to 87 miles/sec). Our galaxy will collide with it in around 4.5 billion years. A long time, but you wont get far travelling at 20mph in that time, on an astronomical scale anyway, barely outside our own solar system.
An average giant galaxy contains a trillion or more stars.
Traveling to another galaxy at the speed of light would take an incredibly long time. The closest galaxy to us, the Andromeda galaxy, is about 2.5 million light-years away. This means it would take 2.5 million years to reach Andromeda at the speed of light.
Yes. 100 billion is the average number of stars in a normal galaxy.
Yes. A galaxy does contain an average of 100 billion solar masses.