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Muscular tissues (textus muscularis) name a tissue, various on a structure and a parentage, but similar on ability to the expressed reductions. They provide movings to organism space in whole, its parts and movement of organs in an organism (heart, tongue, an intestine, etc.).

Two principles are put in a basis of classification of muscular tissues - a morpho-functional and a histo-genetic. According to a morpho-a functional principle, depending on structure of organellas of reduction, muscular tissues section on two subgroups.

The first subgroup - transversely striated (striated) muscular tissues (textus muscularis striatus). In a cytoplasma of their elements myosine filaments are constantly polymerized, form with actinide threads constantly existing myofibrils. The last are organised in characteristic complexes - sarcomeres. In the next myofibrils structural sub units of sarcomeres are located at identical level and frame cross-section striation. Striated muscular tissues are reduced faster, than smooth.

The second subgroup - smooth (not striated) muscular tissues (textus muscularis nonstriatus). These tissues are characterized by that out of reduction myosine filaments are depolymerized. In the presence of ions of calcium they polymerise and enter interaction with actin filaments. Myofibrils formed thus have no cross-section striation: at special colourings they are presented (smooth) threads in regular intervals painted on all length.

According to a histo-a genetic principle depending on development sources (embryonal germs) muscular tissues are sectioned into 5 types: mesenchimes (from desmal a germ in structure mesenchimes), epidermal (from a dermal ectoderm and from a prechordal plate), neural (from a nervous tube), coelomic (from a myoepicardial plate of a visceral leaf of a somite) and somatic (myotomes).

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Emmanuel Bednar

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Related Questions

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The most distingquishing characteristic of muscle tissue is the ablility to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy.


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