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A neuron is a cell with many branches that attach on to others. Short receiving branches are known as dendrites, long transmitting branches are known as axons. This means that axons and dendrites connect with one another. Chemical fluctuations caused by positively charged ions (Na+ (sodium) and K+ (potassium) cause a phenomenon known as an action potential, which is how the neurons transmit information. Where the axon and dendrite meets is known as a synapse, and the space between the two is known as the synaptic cleft. The action potential, which is a shift in electrochemical charge, travels down the axon and upon reaching the synapse stimulates the production of some neurotransmitter.

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