there is only difference in gram positive and negative is of cell wall as :
The Gram positive cell wall
The Gram positive cell wall is characterised by the presence of a very thick peptidoglycan layer, which is responsible for the retention of the crystal violet dyes during the Gram staining procedure. It is found exclusively in organisms belonging to the Actinobacteria (or high %G+C Gram positive organisms) and the Firmicutes (or low %G+C Gram positive organisms). Bacteria within the Deinococcus-Thermus group may also exhibit Gram positive staining behaviour but contain some cell wall structures typical of Gram negative organisms. Imbedded in the Gram positive cell wall are polyalcohols called teichoic acids, some of which are lipid-linked to form lipoteichoic acids. Because lipoteichoic acids are covalently linked to lipids within the cytoplasmic membrane they are responsible for linking the peptidoglycan to the cytoplasmic membrane. Teichoic acids give the Gram positive cell wall an overall negative charge due to the presence of phosphodiester bonds between teichoic acid monomers.
The Gram negative cell wall
Unlike the Gram positive cell wall, the Gram negative cell wall contains a thin peptidoglycan layer adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, which is responsible for the cell wall's inability to retain the crystal violet stain upon decolourisation with ethanol during Gram staining. In addition to the peptidoglycan layer the Gram negative cell wall also contains an additional outer membrane composed by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face into the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharides confer an overall negative charge to the Gram negative cell wall. The chemical structure of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides is often unique to specific bacterial strains (i.e. sub-species) and is responsible for many of the antigenic properties of these strains.
As a phospholipid bilayer, the lipid portion of the outer membrane is largely impermeable to all charged molecules. However, channels called porins are present in the outer membrane that allow for passive transport of many ions, sugars and amino acids across the outer membrane. These molecules are therefore present in the periplasm, the region between the plasma membrane and outer membrane. The periplasm contains the peptidoglycan layer and many proteins responsible for substrate binding or hydrolysis and reception of extracellular signals. The periplasm is thought to exist as a gel-like state rather than a liquid due to the high concentration of proteins and peptidoglycan found within it. Because of its location between the cytoplasmic and outer membranes, signals received and substrates bound are available to be transported across the cytoplasmic membrane using transport and signalling proteins imbedded there.
A battery has a potential difference between its terminals due to a build-up of charge separation (positive and negative terminals). This potential difference can act as an electron pump by causing the flow of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal through an external circuit, thereby generating electrical energy.
The difference between a gram positive and gram negative bacteria is the thickness/presence of the peptidoglycan layer secreted on the outside of the plasma membrane
The electrical charge resulting from the difference between positive and negative ions outside a cell is called the membrane potential. This potential difference is essential for processes like nerve impulses and muscle contractions. The cell membrane selectively allows ions to move in and out, creating an imbalance that generates the membrane potential.
According to the pattern of half-cell potentials, what seems to determine the polarity of a cell?
Gram positive bacteria cell walls have a thick layer of Peptidoglycan and no periplasmic space. Gram negative bacteria cell walls have inner and outter cytoplasmic membranes with a periplasmic space in between. these also have a thin layer of Peptidoglycan. The outter cytoplasmic membrane of gram negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharides.
They have different cell walls.
A battery has a potential difference between its terminals due to a build-up of charge separation (positive and negative terminals). This potential difference can act as an electron pump by causing the flow of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal through an external circuit, thereby generating electrical energy.
The difference between a gram positive and gram negative bacteria is the thickness/presence of the peptidoglycan layer secreted on the outside of the plasma membrane
The difference between a gram positive and gram negative bacteria is the thickness/presence of the peptidoglycan layer secreted on the outside of the plasma membrane
The electrical charge resulting from the difference between positive and negative ions outside a cell is called the membrane potential. This potential difference is essential for processes like nerve impulses and muscle contractions. The cell membrane selectively allows ions to move in and out, creating an imbalance that generates the membrane potential.
Gram positive bacteria appear purple or blue when stained with the Gram stain, while gram negative bacteria appear pink or red. This color difference is due to the thickness of the cell wall and the presence of an outer membrane in gram negative bacteria.
In a carbon-zinc dry cell, there is a chemical reaction between the zinc container (acting as the anode) and the electrolyte paste inside. This reaction generates electrons at the anode and releases them to the terminal, creating a surplus of electrons at the negative terminal and a deficit at the positive terminal, thus producing a voltage difference between the terminals.
According to the pattern of half-cell potentials, what seems to determine the polarity of a cell?
Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls compared to gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which is absent in gram-positive bacteria.
The peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall is thicker for a Gram-positive bacterium.
The peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall is thicker for a Gram-positive bacterium.
In an electrolytic cell, the anode is positive.