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Rusts and smuts belong to two differnt groups of fungi. Rusts, which belong to the Uredinales, have terminal teliospores, produce spermagonia in order to undergo sexual reproduction, lack clamp connections, require two hosts, and attack a range of plants. Smuts, which belong to the Ustilaginales, produce intercalary teliospores, undergo sexual reproduction with the fusion of sexually compatible hyphae, have many clamp connections, require a single host, and only attack angiosperms.

The main difference is that rusts require two hosts (usually), and smuts only require one.

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