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What is the difference in the strength of attractions between polar as nonpolar molecules?
No. A polar molecule (such as water) has partial positive and negative charges at each end, but these partial charges balance out to zero overall, leaving the molecule as a whole neutral. This is due to electrons being shared unevenly be the atoms in the molecule.
A "charged molecule" would not be called a molecule. It would be called a polyatomic ion. A polyatomic ions has an overall net charge due to there being a different number of protons and electrons.
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What determines the strength of attractions between molecules?
The strength of attractions between molecules is determined by their polarity and size. Polar molecules tend to have stronger intermolecular forces due to the presence of partial charges, such as dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Larger molecules with more electrons can also exhibit stronger London dispersion forces.
How does bonding effect the intermolecular forces?
Bonding affects intermolecular forces by influencing the strength of attractions between molecules. Covalent bonds within molecules contribute to intramolecular forces, while intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces, occur between molecules. The type and strength of bonding within a molecule can impact the overall intermolecular forces affecting its physical properties.
Can viscosity be used to predict the strength of intermolecular attractions?
Yes, viscosity can be used to predict the strength of intermolecular attractions. Higher viscosity indicates stronger intermolecular forces because it requires more energy to overcome these forces, resulting in a thicker and more resistant fluid. Conversely, lower viscosity indicates weaker intermolecular attractions.
How do strength of attractions between particles and the motion of particles interact to cause the process we call sublimation?
Sublimation occurs when a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. This process is influenced by the strength of attractions between particles; in solids, these attractions are strong, keeping particles closely packed. When energy is added (e.g., through heat), it increases the motion of the particles, allowing them to overcome these attractions and escape into the gas phase. Thus, the interplay between particle motion and attraction strength facilitates sublimation by enabling solid particles to gain enough energy to break free and disperse as gas.
What affect the strength of attraction between molecules?
The strength of attraction between molecules is influenced by factors including the types of intermolecular forces present (such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, or van der Waals forces), the molecular shape and size, and the polarity of the molecules. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher attraction between molecules.
What determines the strength of attractions between molecules?
The strength of attractions between molecules is determined by their polarity and size. Polar molecules tend to have stronger intermolecular forces due to the presence of partial charges, such as dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. Larger molecules with more electrons can also exhibit stronger London dispersion forces.
Are polar molecules stronger than non- polar molecules?
Yes. In polar bonds, electrons between atoms are shared unequally. The more electronegative atom has a high electron affinity, pulling the shared electron (and ajacent atom) closer to it, creating a shorter, stronger bond.
Do benzene dissolve in CCl4?
Benzene is a nonpolar molecule as well as carbon tetrachloride, however water is a polar molecule. Based on the rules of solubility, "like dissolves like"; the attraction between nonpolar molecules have the same kind of interaction and strength but the attractions between the highly polar molecule of water are very different, therefore substituting these attractions for new attraction with benzene will require a greater change in enthalpy.
How does bonding effect the intermolecular forces?
Bonding affects intermolecular forces by influencing the strength of attractions between molecules. Covalent bonds within molecules contribute to intramolecular forces, while intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces, occur between molecules. The type and strength of bonding within a molecule can impact the overall intermolecular forces affecting its physical properties.
What is a type of a intermolecular force?
London forces, dipole attractions and hydrogen bonding are some of the examples for intermolecular attractions in the order of increasing strength.
What do the number of protons and the strength of the attractions of electrons to the nucleus influence?
The properties of the atom
What do number of protons and the strength of the attractions of electrons to the nucleus influence?
The properties of the atom
Which type of bond occurs when the strength of valence shells are approimately the same?
A nonpolar covalent bond occurs when two atoms have similar electronegativities, resulting in a balanced sharing of electrons. Since the strength of their valence shells is similar, the atoms can share electrons equally, forming a nonpolar covalent bond.
Can viscosity be used to predict the strength of intermolecular attractions?
Yes, viscosity can be used to predict the strength of intermolecular attractions. Higher viscosity indicates stronger intermolecular forces because it requires more energy to overcome these forces, resulting in a thicker and more resistant fluid. Conversely, lower viscosity indicates weaker intermolecular attractions.
Does the vapor pressure increase as the strength of intermolecular forces between molecules increases?
Yes, the vapor pressure decreases as the strength of intermolecular forces between molecules increases.
What is the difference absolute strength and relative strength?
Absolute strength measures strength regardless of your body size, while relative strength measures strength adjusted for your weight.
What intermolecular forces are present between to molecules NaCl and water?
There are no molecules of NaCl. NaCl is an "ionic" solid (The bonds have 70% ionic character.) It exists as a network of alternating Na and Cl atoms. When NaCl dissolves in water it ionizes, producing Na+ and Cl- ions, each surrounded by a sphere of water molecules due to the attraction between the charged ion and the polar water molecules.Intermolecular forces, collectively known as van der Waals's forces are attractions between discrete molecules. There are several types of van der Waals forces: London dispersion forces, Debye forces, Keesom forces, and hydrogen bonding. The various kinds of intermolecular forces have a bearing on properties like melting point, boiling point and surface tension to name three.London dispersion forces, which are present between all molecules, are the electrostatic attraction between temporary dipoles. A normally nonpolar molecule can become a temporary dipole due to electron fluctuations withing the molecule.The strength of London dispersion forces are sometimes (erroneously) attributed to variations on molecular weight. The connection between the strength of London dispersion forces and molecular weight is coincidental. The strength of London dispersion forces are a function of the polarizability of the molecule, which in turn, depends on the number of electrons and the surface area of the molecule. The greater the number of electrons, the greater the polarizability and the stronger the London dispersion forces.Dipole-dipole attraction (Keesom forces) exist between molecules which exhibit a permanent dipole moment, that is, molecules which are polar. The positive end of one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the negative end of an adjacent molecule.Debye forces exist between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule by inducing a dipole in the normally nonpolar molecule. As a polar molecule approaches a nonpolar molecule, the charged end of polar molecule induces the opposite charge in the nonpolar molecule by either attracting or repelling the electrons in the nonpolar molecule, thus causing electrostatic attractin between the polar and the nonpolar molecule.London dispersion forces and Keesom forces exist between like molecules, as well as unlike molecules. Debye forces only exist between unlike molecules. Of the three, Keesom forces are the strongest, followed by Debye forces and then London dispersion forces. That being said, London dispersion forces can be strong enough to hold large molecular weight alkanes together in the solid state.Hydrogen bonding is unique among molecular interactions due to the formation of a weak covalent bond between adjacent molecules. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is internally bonded to N, O or F, and weakly covalently bonded to a N, O or F atom in an adjacent molecule. The hydrogen atom essentially bridges the two molecules. Hydrogen bonding is generally considered the strongest of the intermolecular interactions.
