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Where in the eukaryotic cell do replication transcription RNA processing translation each occur?
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. RNA polymerase II transcribes the DNA forming an mRNA transcript.The mRNA is then modified. It has a 5'-cap and a 3'polyA tail and it can also be spliced and edited by various enzymes. Once an mRNA molecule has been correctly edited it is exported out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Once in the cytoplasm can be localized to different compartments of the cell, but most of the protein synthesis occurs on the rough ER.Here various translation factors help ribosomes to translate the DNA into protein. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.Do not get this confused with prokaryotes. In prokaryotes, they do not have organelles and so transcription and translation are coupled in the cytoplasm... (they occur at the same time).
Where is Messenger RNA is produced?
RNA is produced in the transcription phase, but it is not ready in this raw form. Because the ribosomes cannot read introns, the cell must cut the introns out and only keep the axons. Once that's finished, the 5' end must have a 5' cap attached to it. On the 3' side, a poly-A-tail must be attached. Now, the RNA is ready to be translated by the ribosome.
How does active CAP induce expression of the genes of the lactose operon?
Active CAP binds to the CAP site in the promoter region of the lactose operon. This binding helps RNA polymerase to efficiently initiate transcription of the genes in the operon, leading to their expression. The presence of cAMP is necessary for CAP to be active and bind to DNA.
How is RNA altered after it is transcribed?
RNA molecules can undergo various alterations after transcription, including splicing (removing introns and joining exons), capping (adding a 5' cap) and polyadenylation (adding a poly-A tail). Some RNAs, like tRNAs and rRNAs, also undergo additional modifications to their bases. These alterations are essential for mRNA stability, transport, translation, and function.
How do you determine the transcription start site?
First off, there are many bioinformatics techniques, but in terms of experimental methods, there are a few methods: a) 5' RACE PCR aka Primer Extension assay (using radiolabeled oligonucleotide primers) b) Site directed mutagenesis of promoter region (starting downstream of the -10 region) and In vitro transcription assay c) Deep cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) d) S1 Nuclease Mapping
Where in the eukaryotic cell do replication transcription RNA processing translation each occur?
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. RNA polymerase II transcribes the DNA forming an mRNA transcript.The mRNA is then modified. It has a 5'-cap and a 3'polyA tail and it can also be spliced and edited by various enzymes. Once an mRNA molecule has been correctly edited it is exported out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. Once in the cytoplasm can be localized to different compartments of the cell, but most of the protein synthesis occurs on the rough ER.Here various translation factors help ribosomes to translate the DNA into protein. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.Do not get this confused with prokaryotes. In prokaryotes, they do not have organelles and so transcription and translation are coupled in the cytoplasm... (they occur at the same time).
What is transcription and what are the main steps involved in this process?
Do your own lab report. Jk. Transcription is the process in which DNA is converted into a complementary RNA. Before transcription, the splicing of introns has already occurred. Transcription takes place the nucleus. RNA polymerase begins the elongation of the RNA while the DNA template is unwound and rewound. Transcription responds to the termination signal and disassembles, terminating the process. The RNA is then processed with 5' G cap and poly A tail, and exits the nucleus, heading into the cytoplasm.
Where is Messenger RNA is produced?
RNA is produced in the transcription phase, but it is not ready in this raw form. Because the ribosomes cannot read introns, the cell must cut the introns out and only keep the axons. Once that's finished, the 5' end must have a 5' cap attached to it. On the 3' side, a poly-A-tail must be attached. Now, the RNA is ready to be translated by the ribosome.
Where in the eukaryotic cell do replication transcription RNA processing and translation each occur?
In eukaryotic cells, you have a nucleus, whereas with prokaryotic cells you have none and you are missing some organelles found with the eukaryotes. Eukaryotes organelles are found within the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the cap and tail on eukaryotic mRNA?
The cap and tail on eukaryotic mRNA play important roles in mRNA stability and translation. The 5' cap protects the mRNA from degradation and helps in the initiation of translation. The poly(A) tail at the 3' end of mRNA also plays a role in mRNA stability and regulation of translation.
How does active CAP induce expression of the genes of the lactose operon?
Active CAP binds to the CAP site in the promoter region of the lactose operon. This binding helps RNA polymerase to efficiently initiate transcription of the genes in the operon, leading to their expression. The presence of cAMP is necessary for CAP to be active and bind to DNA.
What happen during the transcription process of DNA?
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as acomplementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correctenzymes. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript. As opposed to DNA replication, transcription results in an RNA complement that includes the nucleotide uracil (U) in all instances wherethymine (T) would have occurred in a DNA complement. Also unlike DNA replication where DNA is synthesized, transcription does not involve an RNA primer to initiate RNA synthesis.Transcription can be reduced to the following steps, each moving like a wave along the DNA.One or more sigma factors initiate transcription of a gene by enabling binding of RNA polymerase topromoter DNA.RNA polymerase moves a transcription bubble, like the slider of a zipper, which splits the double helix DNA molecule into two strands of unpaired DNA nucleotides, by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.RNA polymerase adds matching RNA nucleotides that are paired with complementary DNA nucleotides of one DNA strand.RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted RNA + DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA may be further processed (with the addition of a 3'UTR poly-A tail and a 5'UTR cap) and exits to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
How is RNA altered after it is transcribed?
RNA molecules can undergo various alterations after transcription, including splicing (removing introns and joining exons), capping (adding a 5' cap) and polyadenylation (adding a poly-A tail). Some RNAs, like tRNAs and rRNAs, also undergo additional modifications to their bases. These alterations are essential for mRNA stability, transport, translation, and function.
What is the step of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus?
The step of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus is transcription. Transcription is the process of copying the genetic code from DNA into RNA. The RNA molecule that is produced during transcription is called messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA then travels to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a protein. In transcription, the DNA double helix opens up at a specific location called the promoter. A protein called RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and begins to move along the DNA strand, unzipping the helix as it goes. RNA polymerase then uses the exposed DNA strand as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA strand. This RNA strand is the mRNA molecule. Once the mRNA molecule is complete, it separates from the DNA and travels to the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome. The ribosome then reads the mRNA molecule and uses the information to assemble a protein molecule. The protein molecule is then released from the ribosome and can go on to perform its function in the cell. Here are the steps of transcription in detail: Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA. Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand, unzipping the helix and synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. Termination: RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence in the DNA and stops synthesizing RNA. The mRNA molecule that is produced during transcription is a single-stranded molecule that contains the same information as the original DNA strand. However, the mRNA molecule is modified in a few ways. First, the 5' end of the mRNA molecule is capped with a group of nucleotides called a 5' cap. The 5' cap helps to protect the mRNA molecule from degradation and helps it to bind to the ribosome. Second, the 3' end of the mRNA molecule is polyadenylated, which means that it is added to a long chain of adenine nucleotides. The polyadenylation tail helps to stabilize the mRNA molecule and helps it to be transported to the cytoplasm. Transcription is a complex process that is essential for protein synthesis. It is the first step in the process of converting genetic information into a functional protein molecule.
Whbat is the function of the root cap?
The function of the root cap is to protect and cover the growing tip of the root.
What is a transcription and where does it occur?
transcription is the act of DNA being 'transcribed' into mRNA inside the nucleus. Afterwards, the head and tail of the mRNA get capped with a poly-A tail and a 5 prime cap in RNA processing, so that the mRNA doesnt get recognizede as a dangerous molecule. There, it is then shipped of out of the nucleus where the mRNA gets translated into tRNA in the ribosome to produce amino acids which will eventually be turned into proteins
What is the holder and protector of the DNA?
The nucleus, but telomeres protect DNA by adding junk DNA to the ends that way the exons do not get messed with. The 5' Cap and the Poly-A Tail are the two ends of the DNA with junk DNA, or introns.
