What is the fundamental assumption behind quantum mechanics?

Answer 1

It is a branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena at microscopic scales. Quantum mechanics departs from classical mechanics primarily at the quantum realm of atomic and subatomic length scales.

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Answer 2

A system of mechanics that was developed from quantum theory and is used to explain the properties of atoms and molecules. Using the energy quantum as a starting point it incorporates Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and the de Broglie wavelength to establish the wave-particle duality on which Schrödinger's equation is based. This form of quantum mechanics is called wave mechanics. An alternative but equivalent formalism, matrix mechanics, is based on mathematical operators.

Answer 3

There are two mathematical approaches to quantum mechanics:

1. Heisenberg's matrix arithmetic, now used in a form called bra-ket notation.
2. Schrodinger's differential equations.

In 1926 Schrodinger proved that they are mathematically equivalent.

Answer 4

I'm not sure there is one, "The," fundamental assumption of quantum mechanics, but a basic assumption is that our Universe, at the sub-atomic level, operates at a probabilistic manner. In other words, we can no longer say, "This event will happen," we can only speak of the PROBABILITY that an event will happen.

I need to emphasize that QM assumes (and experimental evidence has shown) that it is NOT the case that we lack the instruments to determine anything more than probabilities, nor is it the case that QM particles "know" what will happen while we do not. It is that, in our Universe at the sub-atomic level, events are inherently probabilistic.

Answer 5

I have no idea what you mean by "the basic structure of quantum mechanics".

Interpreting it in the most reasonable way I can, I guess I'd say "mathematics."

The fundamental basis of QM is the subject of regular conferences. The ruling paradigm is the Niels Bohr/Heisenberg 'Copenhagen interpretation'. Some years ago Max Tegmark found much disagreement.

A 2011 conference (Austria) than also ran a poll. The most popular was still 'Copenhagen' but with less that 30% of the votes. 28% thought Einstein was wrong, and the rest were split between 5 other possible bases. i.e. there is now even less agreement and even more confusion (QM is also still not compatible with Relativity).

The real solution is that wavelength changes on interaction with the quantum particles of a moving detector (lens) medium, to travel at the local c/n. (n=refractive index, locl means the state of motion of the observer). This understanding (DFM) is likely to replace the others over the next 20 years, which is quite fast in cosmic terms.

Answer 6

Quantum physics studies that realm of our Universe where quantum effects predominate. This is (basically) at the sub-atomic level, and it's here where the phyics laws we are used to, simply don't apply. For example:

1) We have to give up the notion that an object -- such as an electron -- has an exact postion and momentum. Instead, we can only discuss the probability of an object being within a certain space at a certain time, or having a certain momentum. And it is NOT the case where we humans lack the ability to determine position or momentum -- the REALITY is that, in quantum physics, these quantities are fundamentally unknowable.

2) In addition, any attempt to more precisely measure one aspect of a quantum particle -- say, its position -- automatically makes another aspect more unknowable. In this case, the momentum becomes more imprecise. Again, this isn't because we human aren't clever enough to do these measurements simultaneously, this is a fundamental fact of our Universe.

3) Certain aspects of an object come in discrete chunks, such that the object can have one of quantity, or two of a quantity, but can NOT have 1.5 of a quantity.

For example, a spinning ice skater can have a certain amount of angular momentum, and can then slow down to half that amount -- or three-quarters, or two-fifths, or .764 of that amount. An electron, on the other hand, can ONLY have a specific level of angular momentum -- not half that amount, not three-quarters, and definitely not .764 of that amount. Our Universe does not allow it to happen.

4) In quantum physics, it is a meaningless question to ask what IS the value of certain aspects of a quantum particle prior to measuring that value. For example, if you send photons or electrons towards a pair of slits, you will get an interference pattern on the detector behind the slits, even if you send the particles towards the slits one at a time. However, if you attempt to determine which of the two slits the individual particle went through prior to reaching the detector, the interference pattern vanishes. Experiments have shown that the any attempt to determine position prior to measurement will alter the final result.

5) Even weirder sub-set of (4): experiments have shown that just making a measurement of positon POSSIBLE will also change the final result -- even if you don't make the measurement! In the double slit experiment noted above, the interference pattern vanishes when the slits are set up to make it possible to determine which one slit the particle went through, even if the experimenter didn't do so! It's as if the particles are saying, "I know what you're trying to do, and I'm not going to let you do that."

It's been said, "If you're not bothered by quantum physics, then you don't understand it." I hope this BRIEF OVERVIEW of some of its consequences leaves you bothered.

Answer 7

The fundamental assumption behind quantum mechanics is that particles can exist in multiple states or locations simultaneously, known as superposition. This is in contrast to classical physics, which assumes that particles have definite properties at all times.

Answer 8

The basics of Quantum Physics is
1: Quaternion ( non-commutative) mathematics
2: Ew=nhc quantum relation where Ew is energy-wavelength or Energy moment.