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The surface bedrock of the Catskills is primarily composed of sedimentary rocks that date back to the Devonian period, approximately 358 to 419 million years ago. This region features various rock types, including sandstone, shale, and limestone, which were formed in ancient marine environments. The Catskills are part of the Appalachian Mountain range, shaped by geological processes such as erosion and tectonic uplift over millions of years.

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Why are cobbles and boulders composed of Precambrian gneiss commonly found on top of the surface bedrock in the Catskills?

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