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What is the identity of the unknown cation?

What is a unknown cation


Describe how to find the hardness of unknown mineral?

Minerals are tested for hardness by performing a scratch test. The unknown mineral is scratched with another object that the hardness is known. For example, a unknown mineral may be scratched with a piece of metal to compare the resistance.


If an unknown mineral has a hardness between 5 and 9 what could you do to the mineral to find out more about its hardness?

To determine the hardness of an unknown mineral with a hardness between 5 and 9, you can perform a scratch test using various reference minerals or materials with known hardness values from the Mohs scale. Start by testing the unknown mineral against a mineral with a hardness of 5, such as apatite, and gradually work your way up to harder minerals, like quartz (7) and topaz (8), until you observe whether the unknown mineral can scratch or be scratched by them. This will help you narrow down its hardness range more precisely. Additionally, using tools like a hardness kit with standardized materials can offer a more accurate assessment.


How do you discover an unknown mineral?

To discover an unknown mineral, you typically need to analyze its physical and chemical properties using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Comparing the results to known mineral databases can help identify any matches or similarities, pointing towards potential mineral identification. Collaboration with experts in mineralogy and geology can also be valuable in determining and validating the discovery.


What unknown mineral is found to scratch apatite and to be scratched by corundum?

The unknown mineral would be topaz. Topaz lies between apatite and corundum on the Mohs scale, making it capable of scratching apatite and being scratched by corundum.