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In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule (which determines traits) is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. Chromosomes are not visible in the cell's nucleus-not even under a microscope-when the cell is not dividing. Chromosomes are not always visible because they usually are uncoiled inside the nucleus as loose strands called chromatin. When it is time for the cell toperform meiosis or mitosis, they condense and wrap up tightly. The tightly wound DNA is the chromosome (3). Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division (1).

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