The lines that run from pole to pole are lines of longitude. The Prime Meridian (zero) runs through the Greenwich Observatory, London.
The imaginary line that runs through Earth's North and South poles is called the axis or polar axis.
If you mean why planet Earth has a north and a south pole, that's the result of Earth's rotation. The rotation is around an axis; the endpoints of the axis (where this axis goes through Earth's surface) are called north pole and south pole.
The imaginary line through the center of the Earth that extends from the North Pole to the South Pole is called the Earth's axis. This axis is the reference around which the Earth rotates, resulting in the cycle of day and night. It is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun, which also contributes to the changing seasons.
The imaginary line that passes through the Earth's center and the North and South Poles is called the Earth's axis. It is an important reference point for understanding the Earth's rotation and tilt.
The point furthest north on the earth's surface is the point at 90 degrees north latitude, popularly referred to as the "north pole". The point furthest south on the earth's surface is the point at 90 degrees south latitude, popularly referred to as the "south pole".
The imaginary line that runs through Earth's North and South poles is called the axis or polar axis.
If you mean why planet Earth has a north and a south pole, that's the result of Earth's rotation. The rotation is around an axis; the endpoints of the axis (where this axis goes through Earth's surface) are called north pole and south pole.
The imaginary line passing through the center of the Earth between the North and South Poles, around which the Earth rotates, is called the Earth's axis.
The regions farthest north and south on the Earth are called the polar regions. Both the north and south polar regions have an icy coating. The north is called the North Pole and the south is called Antarctica. Antarctica is also a continent.
The point farthest north on Earth is called the North Pole. It is located at 90 degrees north latitude.
The north and south ends of a magnet are called magnetic north pole and south pole. The ends are named such because of the Earth's North Pole and South Pole.
There is an imaginary plane through the Earth that splits the world into "north" and "south". The circle around the Earth where that plane meets the Earth's surface is called the "equator". In astronomy, we extend that plane into space; this is the "celestial equator". With geography on the Earth, we measure this in latitude north or south of the equator. In astronomy, we call it "declination", but it's the same idea.
Poles-
The imaginary line through the center of the Earth that extends from the North Pole to the South Pole is called the Earth's axis. This axis is the reference around which the Earth rotates, resulting in the cycle of day and night. It is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun, which also contributes to the changing seasons.
The imaginary line that passes through the Earth's center and the North and South Poles is called the Earth's axis. It is an important reference point for understanding the Earth's rotation and tilt.
When a magnet is freely suspended at its center it will set itself along the north-south direction. The tip pointing towards the geographical north direction is called the north pole and the other tip is called the south pole.
The Axis