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This can be found using one of the most important constants for chemistry: Avogadro's number.

According to wikipedia, the standard atomic weight of magnesium is 24.3050 grams per mole. Using Avogadro's number, we know there's 6.0221415 × 1023 atoms per mole, so if you divide the standard atomic weight of magnesium by Avogadro's number, you can get number of grams per atom of magnesium (i.e. the mass of a single magnesium atom in grams).

(24.3050 g/mole) / (6.0221415 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 4.03564 g/atom

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