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The base unit of distance is the metre, this means all distances are measured in metres. For distances less than a metre, prefixes are used which indicate fractions of a metre; 1 millimetre is 0.001 metres, 1 micrometre is 0.000 001 metres, 1 nanometre is 0.000 000 001 metres.

For distances greater than a metre, prefixes that indicate multiples of metres are used; 1 kilometre is 1 000 metres, 1 megametre is 1 000 000 metres, 1 gigametre is 1 000 000 000 metres. In practice the prefixes above kilometre are rarely used outside of technical papers.

100 kilometres are 100 000 metres, this could be expressed as 0.1 megametres (0.1 Mm), but would usually be written as 100 km (kilometres).

Note: the symbol for mega- (million) is an uppercase M, the symbol for milli- (thousandth) is a lowercase m.

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