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The most common oxidation state of the chalcogens (group 16 elements) is -2, as they typically gain two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, especially in compounds like sulfides. In contrast, the halogens (group 17 elements) commonly exhibit an oxidation state of -1, as they usually gain one electron. Both groups can exhibit positive oxidation states, but the -2 state is characteristic of chalcogens, while -1 is characteristic of halogens.

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