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The outer portion of the cell wall is primarily composed of a layer called the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells, which provides structural support and facilitates communication between cells. In plant cells, the outer layer consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, forming a rigid structure that helps maintain shape and protect against mechanical stress. In bacteria, the outer layer can include lipopolysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the cell's integrity and defense against environmental factors. Overall, these outer portions are crucial for maintaining cell structure and function.

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2mo ago

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