No part of Earth gets sunlight all year around, but some parts get sunlight
(and dark) for more than 24 hours at a time.
At any latitude less than 66.5 degrees from the equator ... north or south ...
every point has a sunrise and a sunset every day of the year.
The earth is illuminated by the sun, by the moon, and by the stars. Parts of earth glow, including lava fields. Areas where phosphorus is available glow as well, and this phenomenon is known as chemiluminescence.
At any given time, one half of the Moon's surface is illuminated by the sun, just like on Earth. The portion of the Moon's illuminated side that we can see from Earth depends on its position in its orbit around our planet.
The side facing the sun experiences daytime, while the side facing away experiences nighttime. This is due to the earth's rotation on its axis, which causes different parts of the planet to be illuminated by the sun at different times.
The new moon phase appears darkest to us because it is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, with its illuminated side facing away from Earth. This means the side of the moon we see is not illuminated by the Sun, making it appear completely dark from Earth.
Half of Earth is illuminated by the sun at all times.
The moon is illuminated because it reflects light from the Sun. This phenomenon is visible to us on Earth depending on the position of the moon in relation to the Sun and the Earth. Different phases of the moon result from how much of the illuminated side we can see from Earth.
The Moon is illuminated by the Sun. At full moon, we see the bright part - the illuminated part. At new moon, we see mostly the dark part. (This part is also slightly visible, due to light reflected from the Earth.)
At that time, there is still exactly half of the moon illuminated by the sun. But from our position on earth, we can only see a small part of the illuminated half.
At all times (except during a solar eclipse), exactly 50% of the earth is illuminated by the sun and exactly 50% is not. (Actually the part that is illuminated is slightly more than 50% due to the refraction of sunlight in the atmosphere making the sun visible when it's just below the horizon.)
It is illuminated by the Sun, just as Earth is.
When the moon is in the general direction of the sun as seen from Earth, then we're looking at the part of it that's not illuminated all by the sun, and we see no moon at all.
Half (50 percent) of the moon is illuminated by the sun at all times, just as half of earth is always illuminated.The thing that changes is: How much of the moon's illuminated half can we see from earth ?
The illuminated side of the moon is in excess of 250 degrees hotter than the other side. Only part of the moon faces the sun, which is the part I described as illuminated. The sun heats up the side that faces it and the moon does not have the protection of an Earth-like atmosphere.
The part of the moon that one can see is visible because it is illuminated by the sun. The crossing of the earth between the sun and the moon causes a shadow that will darken part of the moon.
Because the earth rotates and each part is illuminated as it turns 'toward' the sun and because the earth moves around the sun that's why.
It is almost always about 50%. One half of the lunar sphere is always facing the sun and is therefore illuminated. How much of that illuminated part we, on earth, can see is a different question.
This is essentially correct. When part of the moon is in darkness, we can't see it. Additionally, the same side of the moon faces earth all the time as our satellite is locked in its orbit to constantly face earth. We only see the portion of the moon that is both illuminated by the sun and facing the earth.