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A wave is disturbance or oscillation, that travels through matter (eg mechanical waves) or space (eg electromagnetic waves) accompanied by a transfer of energy. A wave can be transverse or longitudinal, depending on the direction of its oscillation.

A single definition for the term WAVE is not straightforward. However waves have

  • A direction,
  • A velocity,
  • An amplitude,
  • A wavelength.
  • A waveform
Waves are best described mathematically.

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Parts of a Wave Transverse Wave For a transverse wave, there are five main parts that make up the wave. They are: the equilibrium or rest position, the crest, the trough, the amplitude, and the wavelength. The equilibrium or rest position is the imaginary line that represents where the string (for example) would assume if there was no wave traveling through it. The crest is the point on the wave that has the greatest positive displacement from the equilibrium or rest position. The trough is the point on the wave that has the greatest negative displacement from the equilibrium or rest position. The amplitude of a wave is the distance from the crest, or trough to the rest position. It is the maximum amount of displacement that the wave has. The wavelength of a wave is the length of one complete wave cycle. This means, the length from crest to crest or tough to trough, from the rest position over a crest and trough and back to the rest position, or any two other point that are one complete wave cycle. Longitudinal Wave For a longitudinal wave, there are three main parts that make up a wave. They are: the compression, the rarefaction, and the wavelength. Since the particles of a longitudinal wave are vibrating and moving in line with the wave, there are areas where the coils (of a slinky, for example) are closer together. These areas are called compression's. The areas where the coils are spaced out more are called rarefaction's. The wavelength for a longitudinal wave is very similar to that of a transverse wave. It is still the length of one complete wave cycle, but instead of it being from crest to crest, it is from compression to compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction, or any two other points that are at the same point on the wave cycle.

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