What is the pathophysiology of brucellosis?

Answer 1

After ingestion or inoculation, Brucella

species invade the mucosa, where polymorphonuclear

leukocytes and activated macrophages mediate immune responses to eradicate the bacteria. However, brucellae

can multiply and survive intracellularly

by inhibiting and counteracting bactericidal effects within the phagosome.

They are then transported intracellularly

via the lymphatics to organs rich in reticuloendothelial

cells, and from there travel to other organs and tissues, where they can cause inflammation, granuloma

formation, necrosis, and abscess formation. In animals, the infection localises in the erythritol-rich

placenta; this effect is less marked in humans but can still result in abortion or miscarriage. Immunity following exposure is not solid, and people may experience reinfection as well as relapse. There is no increase in the frequency or severity of brucellosis

in people with HIV infection

Answer 2

Brucellosis is caused by the bacteria Brucella. The bacteria enters the body through mucous membranes, inhalation, or breaks in the skin. Once inside, Brucella bacteria survive and replicate within macrophages, leading to a systemic infection that can affect multiple organs.