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The procedure for staining using modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) typically involves the following steps: First, the bacterial smear is fixed onto a slide and then stained with a primary stain, usually carbol fuchsin, which penetrates the mycobacterial cell wall. The slide is then heated gently to facilitate dye uptake, followed by cooling and rinsing with water. Next, the slide is decolorized with an acid-alcohol solution to remove the stain from non-acid-fast organisms, and finally, it is counterstained with methylene blue or another contrasting dye to visualize the background and non-acid-fast cells. The result is that acid-fast bacteria appear red against a blue background.

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3w ago

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