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A set of gears provides a method to change the torque from a rotating object, such as the output shaft of a motor or engine, and either reduce the rate of rotation in exchange for an increase in torque (geared down), or increase the rate of rotation in exchange for a decrease in torque (geared up).

This is useful for a number of reasons. First of all many motors when hooked up to an electrical power source rotate at a very high speed and the desired rate of rotation is usually lower so the output from the motor is geared down. Secondly, motors are most efficient usually at a certain rate of rotation around 20% or so of the free speed (motor's output shaft rate of rotation with no load), and motors provide the most power at 50% of free speed. Using gears can help to achieve max power or max efficiency.

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